• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 16 06:47:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160647
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160645

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 AM CDT Wed Jul 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appear low/uncertain on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad, cyclonic upper flow will persist across the northern tier of
    the U.S. on Friday. Meanwhile, the subtropical ridge will intensify
    over the Southeast and southern Plains. A weak shortwave impulse
    and/or MCV is forecast to move from the OH Valley toward the
    Chesapeake Bay vicinity near a stalled surface front. This may
    provide focus for some severe potential Friday afternoon/early
    evening. However, confidence in this scenario is low as prior day's
    convection will heavily influence convective evolution on Friday.

    Further west, a surface trough/weak lee low development across the
    central High Plains will allow for northward transport of richer
    boundary layer moisture from the southern in the central and
    northern Plains. Forcing mechanisms are unclear, and capping may
    suppress convection. If storms can develop in the warm advection
    regime, some severe potential would be possible given the very moist
    and unstable environment. Large model disparity also is noted in the
    location and evolution of the Plains surface low. Overall the risk
    appears too uncertain/conditional at this time to include
    probabilities.

    ..Leitman.. 07/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 16 19:29:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Wed Jul 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms may occur over parts of the northern Plains to
    Mid Missouri Valley on Friday. A lesser threat may develop into
    parts of Virginia into North Carolina.

    ...Southern SD into NE...western IA...
    A belt of stronger midlevel west to northwest winds aloft will
    stretch from the northern Rockies across the Plains and into the
    Great Lakes, with perhaps up to 50 kt from ND into MN, northern IA
    and MI. High pressure will exist over the Lower Great Lakes, as low
    pressure redevelops over the central High Plains. Southerly winds
    will bring a moist and unstable air mass northward toward a
    developing warm front, roughly from central SD into IA by 00Z.

    In general, models suggest thunderstorms will develop along this
    boundary, perhaps late in the day and through evening as a modest
    low-level jet develops. Some models such as the ECMWF show
    substantial convective coverage spreading southeast across NE and
    IA, while others maintain convection closer to the boundary. Given
    strong instability with steep midlevel lapse rates, low
    probabilities for wind have been introduced.

    ...VA into NC...
    Models indicate a high likelihood of daytime thunderstorms along a
    weak boundary, as a weak disturbance possibly rounds the upper high
    to the south. Westerlies aloft will remain weak, but perhaps
    sufficient to allow for a few mobile clusters of storms producing
    outflows as they develop within the very moist air mass. At this
    time the severe threat appears too low to introduce probabilities
    this far out.

    ..Jewell.. 07/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jul 17 06:58:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170656
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170655

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CDT Thu Jul 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms are possible from the northern and central
    High Plains to the Mid-Mississippi and Lower Ohio Valleys on
    Saturday.

    ...Mid-MS/Lower OH Valley vicinity...

    Modestly enhanced westerly mid/upper flow will continue on Saturday
    from the northern Plains to the Great Lakes vicinity. Convection may
    be ongoing during the morning, perhaps across the Mid-MS Valley or
    Lake Michigan vicinity in the form of a remnant MCS from the Day
    2/Friday period. Meanwhile, a cold front will sag southward across
    the Upper Midwest toward the Mid-MS valley through early Sunday.
    Ahead of any ongoing convection and the front, a very moist airmass
    will be in place and a corridor of strong destabilization is
    forecast. While upper forcing will remain somewhat nebulous, an MCV
    or outflow from morning storms could be a focus for severe
    thunderstorm develop during the afternoon from the IA/IL/MO
    tri-state area eastward along the moisture/instability gradient into
    the Ohio Valley. Damaging gusts would be the main hazard with this
    activity.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...

    South/southeasterly low-level flow will transport rich
    boundary-layer moisture northwest into western NE/SD/ND and perhaps
    eastern MT along a surface trough. A shortwave ridge over the
    northern Plains will shift east and weaken by evening, and 30-40 kt
    mid/upper westerly flow will overspread a narrow corridor of
    moderate to strong instability. While upper forcing will be
    nebulous, convergence along the surface trough in the moist
    low-level upslope flow regime may be sufficient for isolated strong
    to severe storm development. Vertically veering wind profiles and
    somewhat elongated hodographs above 3 km suggest supercells will be
    possible, posing a risk for hail. Steep low-level lapse rates also
    could support strong outflow winds.

    ..Leitman.. 07/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jul 17 19:32:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Jul 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ROUGHLY FROM IOWA
    INTO ILLINOIS AND INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Corridors of strong to severe storms are expected from the northern
    and central High Plains to the Mid-Mississippi and Lower Ohio
    Valleys on Saturday.

    ...IA/IL/IN...
    Model QPF differences aside, the overarching theme is for a large
    area of strong instability to develop near a stalled front from
    southern IA/northern MO into IL and IN Saturday afternoon with mid
    70s F dewpoints. This will exist beneath the southern fringe of
    perhaps 40 kt west/northwest midlevel flow, and the combination of
    strong instability and favorable deep-layer mean winds will favor
    corridors of severe storms with damaging winds. Shear may also favor
    severe hail, and even a few supercells given such large CAPE over
    IA/IL/IN. The risk area will likely be adjusted in subsequent
    outlook cycles as the event nears.

    ...High Plains...
    Modest westerly midlevel flow of 30-40 kt will exist over the
    northern High Plains, ahead of a broad upper trough over the Pacific Northwest/northern Rockies. Cool midlevel temperatures will also
    exist, steepening lapse rates. Strong heating is likely within a
    surface trough from eastern MT southward across the High Plains,
    with a ribbon of 1500-2000 J/kg MUCAPE wrapping northwestward around
    a MN surface high. Cells capable of hail and localized severe gusts
    will be possible, and a severe MCS is not out of the question
    overnight into ND as the low-level jet increases. Greater
    probabilities may be required in later updates.

    ..Jewell.. 07/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jul 18 07:23:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Fri Jul 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE MID ATLANTIC INTO OHIO AND MISSOURI VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development may pose at least some
    risk for severe wind and hail across parts of the Mid Atlantic into
    Ohio and Missouri Valleys Sunday into Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    One notable mid-level perturbation is forecast to accelerate
    northeastward out of the Pacific Northwest into the eastern Canadian
    Prairies, but another digging short wave will maintain larger-scale
    troughing across the Pacific Northwest through this period.
    Downstream, a significant mid-level perturbation emerging from the
    Hudson Bay vicinity is forecast to continue digging southeastward,
    across the St. Lawrence Valley and lower Great Lakes region into the
    Northeast. As this occurs, a reinforcing intrusion of cooler and
    drier air likely will progress southeast of the Great Lakes region
    through much of the northern and middle Atlantic Seaboard, while
    generally stalling across the lower Ohio through middle Missouri
    Valleys and adjacent portions of the Great Plains, beneath the
    northern periphery of fairly prominent mid-level ridging centered
    over the northern Gulf/Gulf coast vicinity.

    ...Northern Great Plains into Mid Atlantic...
    The frontal zone, and surface troughing to the lee of the Rockies,
    will provide potential focus for strong to severe thunderstorm
    development Sunday through Sunday night. This could include upscale
    growing clusters with potential to produce strong to severe wind
    gusts and some hail. However, relatively warm mid-level
    temperatures may tend to inhibit thunderstorm development, and the
    risk for severe weather, where potential instability is forecast to
    become strongest (including mixed-layer CAPE in excess of 2000-3000
    J/kg) across parts of the middle into lower Missouri Valley. With
    the front also tending to become displaced to the south of the
    stronger westerlies in the East, and sub-synoptic perturbations
    likely to be a significant contributor to thunderstorm development, considerable uncertainties linger concerning the severe weather
    potential for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jul 18 19:19:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Fri Jul 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MID
    ATLANTIC WESTWARD ACROSS OHIO VALLEY AND INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms with at least isolated severe potential will
    be possible from the Mid Atlantic into Ohio and Missouri Valleys and
    central Plains Sunday into Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large area of cyclonic flow aloft will exist over the Northeast as
    an upper low moves southeastward across Quebec. To the south, and
    upper high will be centered over the Gulf Coast states, with an
    enhanced belt of midlevel westerlies across the Midwest.

    At the surface, a cold front will push southeastward across New
    England and toward the Mid Atlantic by late afternoon, with the
    western extension of this same boundary stalling into the Mid MO
    Valley.

    A very moist air mass will exist ahead of the main front, aiding
    episodes of strong storms from southern New England/Mid Atlantic
    Coast area, the OH Valley, and from SD into NE.

    ...Mid Atlantic/Northeast...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely in association with the cold
    front beginning relatively early in the day. The air mass will be
    very moist, and heating will result in up to 1500 J/kg MUCAPE prior
    to the front moving offshore late in the day. Forecast soundings
    indicate poor lapse rates aloft, but strong gusts may occur with
    fast moving clusters of storms as far south as NJ.

    ...Central to northern Plains...
    A surface trough will deepen from eastern MT into western SD/NE/KS,
    with strong heating. Southeast surface winds will maintain moisture
    into the Dakotas and NE, with locally strong instability developing
    within a narrow uncapped zone. A few storms capable of large hail
    and localized wind damage may occur from late afternoon into early
    evening. Storm motions should remain relatively slow and severe
    threat localized as shear will remain marginal this far south. A
    small Slight Risk could be needed in later outlooks as precision
    increases.

    ...OH Valley...
    Early day storms near/north of the elongated front may linger across
    parts of IL/IN/OH, with a diurnal uptick as heating occurs from near
    St. Louis eastward across KY and into western VA. Poor lapse rates
    aloft and modest westerlies aloft suggest only localized severe
    potential within the broader thunderstorm area, with a few damaging
    downbursts possible.

    ..Jewell.. 07/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jul 19 07:29:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Sat Jul 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY INTO
    MONDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AND THE
    TENNESSEE VALLEY INTO SOUTH ATLANTIC SEABOARD...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorm development may pose at least some risk for
    severe wind and perhaps hail across parts of the northern Great
    Plains and parts of the Tennessee Valley into southern Atlantic
    Seaboard Monday through Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate at least some shearing of mid-level troughing near
    the Pacific coast during this period, between fairly prominent and
    persistent lower latitude ridging encompassing much of the interior
    U.S. and stronger higher latitude ridging centered over the
    northeastern Pacific. The interior U.S. ridging may tend to build a
    bit further northeastward through the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes
    vicinity, in the wake of significant mid-level troughing progressing
    offshore of the northern U.S. and Canadian Atlantic coast.

    In lower levels, a cold front is forecast to progress southward
    along the Atlantic Seaboard, to the lee of the southern
    Appalachians, while its western flank retreats northeastward and
    eastward across the northern Great Plains, Upper Midwest and lower
    Ohio Valleys.

    ...Dakotas into Minnesota...
    Beneath a plume of warm and capping elevated mixed-layer air, models
    indicate that a seasonably moist boundary layer will again become
    characterized by moderate to large potential instability with
    daytime heating across the mid Missouri Valley toward Upper Midwest.
    Forcing for ascent to support convective development remains
    unclear, but guidance is suggestive that one or two subtle
    perturbations progressing around the northern periphery of the
    stronger mid-level ridging may support the initiation of storms near
    the North and South Dakota state border vicinity by late Monday
    afternoon. Although deep-layer shear may be modest, this evolution
    may include a supercell or two before activity tends to grow upscale
    into an east/southeastward propagating cluster capable of producing
    strong to severe surface gusts.

    ...Tennessee Valley into southern Atlantic Seaboard...
    With the cold front generally advancing south of the westerlies, the
    extent of severe weather potential remains unclear. Convection
    allowing models and other guidance suggest that it might not be out
    of the question that a remnant cluster of storms, emerging from the
    lower Ohio Valley early Monday, may persist or re-intensify during
    the day, while propagating southeastward along the front toward the
    southern Appalachians, aided by inflow of moderately unstable air.
    Otherwise, destabilization in advance of the progressive portion of
    the front, across the Carolinas, may contribute to strong storms
    posing a risk for potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 07/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jul 19 19:34:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Sat Jul 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS...AND FROM THE TENNEESSEE VALLEY TO SOUTH
    CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    At least isolated severe storms appear likely across parts of the
    northern Great Plains and parts of the Tennessee Valley into
    southern Atlantic Seaboard Monday through Monday night.

    ...MT into the northern Plains...
    A positive-tilt upper trough will remain over the Pacific Northwest
    on Monday, with an upper ridge over the Plains. Moderate southwest
    to west winds aloft will exist over MT and into ND and northern MN
    around the periphery of the ridge, with midlevel temperatures
    remaining relatively cool.

    At the surface, low pressure will deepen over the central High
    Plains with strong heating, and southeast winds around a Great Lakes
    high will maintain a westerly push of moist air with 70s F dewpoints
    across the Corn Belt. Farther northwest, lower 60s F dewpoints will
    be common into much of eastern MT. This will result in strong
    instability NE/IA into the Dakotas, with lack of large-scale ascent
    the primary mitigating factor to a larger area of severe potential.

    That said, it is likely that at least isolated severe storms develop
    over western NE into the Dakotas where the air mass gets uncapped. Conditionally, large hail and damaging winds will be possible.
    Farther west into MT, this region is also likely to see at least a
    few severe storms. Given the upper ridge, storm coverage and
    potential capping into the evening may mitigate the overall threat.
    As such, will maintain a broad area of 5% probabilities at this
    time, though higher probabilities may be needed in later outlooks
    cycles as predictability increases.

    ...TN Valley southeastward to the SC Coast...
    A weak low is forecast over SC during the afternoon as a cold front
    pushes south across VA and NC. The air mass across the region will
    remain very moist, with pockets of stronger instability. Scattered
    storms are likely within the instability axis, possibly in
    association with residual boundaries from the previous night's
    convection over the OH Valley. Otherwise, sufficient surface
    convergence and terrain effects should support widely scattered
    development from the southern Appalachians toward the SC Coast, with
    locally strong to damaging downbursts in the high PWAT environment.

    ..Jewell.. 07/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 20 07:31:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Jul 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY INTO
    TUESDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF WESTERN UPPER MICHIGAN...NORTHWESTERN WISCONSIN...MINNESOTA...SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA...SOUTH
    DAKOTA...MUCH OF NEBRASKA AND PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    MONTANA...NORTHEASTERN WYOMING AND NORTHEASTERN COLORADO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development may impact parts of the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, and pose at least some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a center of higher mid-level heights may become increasingly prominent across the middle Mississippi/lower Ohio
    Valley region during this period, within persistent ridging
    encompassing much of the interior U.S. Modest, anticyclonic flow
    around the northern periphery of this feature is likely to be
    maintained across the northern Great Basin, Rockies and Great Plains
    through the Great Lakes and adjacent portions of Ontario and Quebec.
    It appears that ridging will also remain prominent across much of
    the northeastern Pacific, though it may begin to undergo some
    suppression.

    Weak mid-level troughing is likely to linger between the ridging
    across the Pacific coast vicinity, with one embedded short wave
    impulse forecast to accelerate northeast of the mountains of western
    Montana. It appears that this will trail a significant mid-level
    low continuing to slowly migrate east of the Canadian Northwest
    Territories toward Hudson Bay, but there is spread among the various
    models concerning this.

    The stronger perturbation will be accompanied by a modest surface
    cyclone, with a trailing cold front forecast to advance across the international border into the northern Great Plains late Tuesday
    into Tuesday night.

    ...Northern Great Plains into Upper Midwest...
    Beneath the mid-level ridging, insolation within a seasonably moist boundary-layer appears likely to once again contribute to moderate
    to large potential instability across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley and adjacent Great Plains, within modestly deep pre-frontal
    surface troughing. This low-level moisture is forecast to advect
    northeastward toward the Upper Midwest late Tuesday through Tuesday
    night, beneath thermodynamic profiles characterized by generally
    steep lapse rates, but with warm, capping layers aloft.

    Near the southern periphery of a belt of strengthening southwesterly
    mid-level flow, the environment is likely to become at least
    conditionally supportive of organized thunderstorm development,
    including supercells and upscale growing clusters. However, south
    of the international border, forcing for ascent to support
    thunderstorm development is likely to mostly be linked to subtle
    perturbations progressing around the northern periphery of the
    mid-level ridging, which remain uncertain at this time.

    There does appear a general consensus for increasing thunderstorm
    development across parts of Minnesota into Wisconsin, particularly
    Tuesday night. But this may be largely rooted in
    lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection, above a stable
    boundary-layer, and within relatively warm thermodynamic profiles,
    where the extent of the potential for severe wind and hail is still
    unclear.

    ..Kerr.. 07/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 20 07:36:09 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200735

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Sun Jul 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY INTO
    TUESDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF WESTERN UPPER MICHIGAN...NORTHWESTERN WISCONSIN...MINNESOTA...SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA...SOUTH
    DAKOTA...MUCH OF NEBRASKA AND PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN
    MONTANA...NORTHEASTERN WYOMING AND NORTHEASTERN COLORADO...

    CORRECTED A POINT ON THE CATEGORICAL THUNDER LINE OVER THE LAKE
    HURON VICINITY

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorm development may impact parts of the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, and pose at least some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a center of higher mid-level heights may become increasingly prominent across the middle Mississippi/lower Ohio
    Valley region during this period, within persistent ridging
    encompassing much of the interior U.S. Modest, anticyclonic flow
    around the northern periphery of this feature is likely to be
    maintained across the northern Great Basin, Rockies and Great Plains
    through the Great Lakes and adjacent portions of Ontario and Quebec.
    It appears that ridging will also remain prominent across much of
    the northeastern Pacific, though it may begin to undergo some
    suppression.

    Weak mid-level troughing is likely to linger between the ridging
    across the Pacific coast vicinity, with one embedded short wave
    impulse forecast to accelerate northeast of the mountains of western
    Montana. It appears that this will trail a significant mid-level
    low continuing to slowly migrate east of the Canadian Northwest
    Territories toward Hudson Bay, but there is spread among the various
    models concerning this.

    The stronger perturbation will be accompanied by a modest surface
    cyclone, with a trailing cold front forecast to advance across the international border into the northern Great Plains late Tuesday
    into Tuesday night.

    ...Northern Great Plains into Upper Midwest...
    Beneath the mid-level ridging, insolation within a seasonably moist boundary-layer appears likely to once again contribute to moderate
    to large potential instability across parts of the middle Missouri
    Valley and adjacent Great Plains, within modestly deep pre-frontal
    surface troughing. This low-level moisture is forecast to advect
    northeastward toward the Upper Midwest late Tuesday through Tuesday
    night, beneath thermodynamic profiles characterized by generally
    steep lapse rates, but with warm, capping layers aloft.

    Near the southern periphery of a belt of strengthening southwesterly
    mid-level flow, the environment is likely to become at least
    conditionally supportive of organized thunderstorm development,
    including supercells and upscale growing clusters. However, south
    of the international border, forcing for ascent to support
    thunderstorm development is likely to mostly be linked to subtle
    perturbations progressing around the northern periphery of the
    mid-level ridging, which remain uncertain at this time.

    There does appear a general consensus for increasing thunderstorm
    development across parts of Minnesota into Wisconsin, particularly
    Tuesday night. But this may be largely rooted in
    lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection, above a stable
    boundary-layer, and within relatively warm thermodynamic profiles,
    where the extent of the potential for severe wind and hail is still
    unclear.

    ..Kerr.. 07/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 20 19:31:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sun Jul 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms may impact parts of the
    northern Great Plains into the Upper Midwest Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, posing a risk for severe wind and hail. Damaging thunderstorm
    wind gusts are also possible across parts of the Southeast.

    ...Northern Plains to the Upper Midwest...
    Along the northwestern periphery of an expansive midlevel ridge
    centered on Mid MS Valley, moderate west-southwesterly midlevel flow
    will be in place from the northern Plains to the Upper Midwest --
    downstream of a persistent midlevel trough over the Northwest.
    Several embedded impulses should advance through the belt of west-southwesterlies, while a surface low moves slowly eastward
    across the Dakotas. Downstream of the surface low, middle/upper 70s
    dewpoints beneath a steep midlevel lapse rate plume will contribute
    to a corridor of extreme surface-based buoyancy along a warm-front
    type feature draped across the Upper Midwest. While subtle forcing
    for ascent and potential early-day convection cast uncertainty on
    the overall convective scenario here, a broad/strong low-level jet
    (and related warm-air advection), the extreme buoyancy, and strong
    deep-layer shear will support robust/organized storms capable of
    producing swaths of severe wind and hail.

    Farther west over eastern MT into the Dakotas, subtle midlevel
    height falls atop seasonably rich boundary-layer moisture will also
    favor strong to severe storms, with a risk of severe wind gusts and
    large hail.

    ...Southeast...
    A very high PW air mass will be in place across the Southeast, where
    diurnal heating will contribute to moderate surface-based buoyancy.
    As a weak cold front impinges on this air mass during the afternoon,
    modestly enhanced midlevel northerly flow will support loosely
    organized storm clusters capable of producing damaging winds.

    ..Weinman.. 07/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jul 21 07:31:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Jul 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY INTO
    WEDNESDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF EAST CENTRAL MINNESOTA...NORTHERN
    AND CENTRAL WISCONSIN AND UPPER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two organizing clusters of storms posing a risk for severe
    wind and perhaps some hail are possible across parts of the Upper
    Midwest into adjacent Great Lakes region Wednesday through Wednesday
    night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate some further suppression of the northeastern Pacific
    mid-level ridging, with flow becoming more zonal and progressive
    across the British Columbia coast into the Canadian Prairies during
    this period. A lingering short wave perturbation emerging from the
    northern U.S. intermountain region may accelerate east of the
    Montana Rockies, along the central Canadian/U.S. border. This
    appears likely to be preceded by more subtle smaller-scale impulses
    migrating around the northern periphery of persistent mid-level
    ridging centered over the Ohio Valley. It appears that these will
    accelerate into the southern fringe of strengthening mid-level
    westerly flow across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region
    into Ontario and Quebec, between the mid-level ridge and a
    significant mid-level trough/cyclone migrating slowly across Hudson
    Bay.

    While a cold front trailing the surface cyclone may continue to
    advance southward through the Great Plains to the lee of the
    Rockies, models suggest that it probably will stall across parts of
    the Upper Midwest into adjacent Great Lakes Wednesday into Wednesday
    night, near the northern periphery of the mid-level ridge.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...
    It appears that a seasonably moist boundary layer (including dew
    points around or above 70F) advecting into the region during the day
    Wednesday, if not earlier, will become supportive of moderate to
    strong potential instability beneath a remnant plume of modestly
    steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates. Models suggest that this
    will generally focus along the stalling surface front, where 30-40
    kt west-southwesterly flow in the 700-500 mb layer will contribute
    to the possible evolution of organizing, eastward propagating
    convective systems with the potential to produce strong to severe
    surface gusts.

    There appears a general signal within the model output that a
    stalling, trailing flank of outflow associated with an initial
    cluster of storms may become a focus for renewed convective
    development, near where it intersects the front, just ahead of an
    eastward migrating frontal wave, across northern Wisconsin into
    Upper Michigan during the peak late afternoon into evening
    instability.

    ...Lee of northern Rockies into Front Range...
    In the presence of steep lapse rates, moistening easterly to
    southeasterly near-surface flow, beneath modest westerly flow aloft,
    may contribute to sufficient destabilization and shear to support
    widely scattered strong to severe storms. This may include evolving
    supercells near/just east of the higher terrain late Wednesday
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Kerr.. 07/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jul 21 19:28:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Mon Jul 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO UPPER GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few organizing clusters of storms posing a risk for severe wind
    and perhaps some hail are possible across parts of the Upper Midwest
    into adjacent Great Lakes region Wednesday through Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    An upper ridge will exist over the eastern CONUS, with a belt of
    moderate winds aloft from the upper MS Valley and Great Lakes. A
    surface trough will extend roughly from Lake Superior southwestward
    into NE, with rich moisture to the south and east.

    Storms are likely to be ongoing over the upper Great Lakes region
    early on Wednesday, supported by southwest winds at 850 mb within a
    theta-e plume. Some of this early activity could product strong wind
    gusts.

    Behind this activity, destabilization will occur near the surface
    trough, and new development is likely during the late afternoon from
    MN into SD and NE. With only subtle features aloft, this activity
    will likely develop into clusters of storms with east/southeastward
    propagation and attendant outflow/severe gust threat.

    Otherwise, isolated severe cells with hail will be possible over the
    High Plains over southeast MT, eastern WY and CO, as moisture backs
    westward into the steeper lapse rate environment. Longer hodographs
    over MT/WY could support a supercell or two, and this area will be
    monitored for higher probabilities in later outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 07/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 22 07:30:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Jul 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF EASTERN IOWA...MUCH OF SOUTHERN AND EASTERN
    WISCONSIN...NORTHERN ILLINOIS...LOWER MICHIGAN AND ADJACENT PORTIONS
    OF NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHWESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two clusters of thunderstorms could develop across parts of
    the Upper Midwest into Great Lakes region Thursday, accompanied by
    potential for producing damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a notable short wave trough may merge into the
    stronger westerlies across Ontario through Quebec, to the south of a
    lingering mid-level low slowly progressing east of Hudson Bay. It
    appears that this will be trailed by another increasingly sheared
    perturbation, progressing around the northwestern periphery of
    initially more prominent mid-level ridging centered near the Ohio
    Valley. This is forecast to lead to gradual mid-height falls across
    much of the Great Lakes region through this period, while mid/upper
    heights otherwise remain high across much of the southern Rockies,
    and central/southern Great Plains into middle and southern Atlantic
    Seaboard.

    In lower levels, a cold front initially across the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes region appears likely to advance southeastward
    across much of the remainder of the Great Lakes region Thursday
    through Thursday night. Southward across the Missouri Valley into
    the central and southern Great Plains, the front probably will
    weaken, but continuing southward advancement beneath the mid-level
    ridging remains more unclear.

    ...Rockies/Great Plains into Great Lakes...
    Models indicate that moderate to large potential instability will
    develop with insolation Thursday, along the surface front and within
    moist easterly flow across the high plains into Rockies. Stronger
    deep-layer mean flow/shear and synoptic forcing for ascent would
    seem to favor better potential for organized strong to severe
    thunderstorm development across parts of the Midwest into Great
    Lakes region. However, the extent of this potential remains unclear
    at this time, as this may still be considerably impacted by
    sub-synoptic developments with low predictability at this time
    frame.

    Steeper lapse rates to the lee of the Rockies and across parts of
    the central and southern high plains could contribute to a risk for
    severe wind and perhaps hail in developing storms. However, in the
    presence of a generally benign large-scale synoptic environment, any
    such activity may remain highly sparse in coverage.

    ..Kerr.. 07/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 22 19:25:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Tue Jul 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES...AND CENTERED ACROSS THE FRONT
    RANGE....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few clusters of severe thunderstorms are possible from parts of
    the Upper Midwest into the Great Lakes region Thursday, with
    damaging wind gust potential. Areas of strong to damaging gusts may
    also occur from southeast Wyoming across the Front Range and into
    northeast New Mexico.

    ...From IA/WI to Lower MI/Lower Great Lakes...
    A weak shortwave trough will move across the area, with midlevel
    winds to around 30 kt as far south as northern IL/IN. Moderate
    instability is forecast to develop ahead of a cold front, with
    storms developing from eastern IA into northern Lower MI between
    18-21Z. Deep-layer means winds of 25-35 kt along with heating of the
    moist air mass should result in scattered strong to damaging gusts
    during the afternoon. A few strong storms could persist from the Mid
    MS Valley toward western PA overnight as westerly 850 mb winds
    persist within the deeper theta-e plume, though likely not severe.

    ...Eastern WY, CO, and northeast NM...
    Beneath weak westerlies aloft, low-level moisture will gradually
    spread westward across the High Plains as surface winds veer to
    east/southeast during the afternoon. Temperatures aloft will remain
    relatively cool, resulting in steep lapse rates overall. Models
    indicate rather significant overall storm coverage from afternoon
    through evening, developing over the high terrain and spreading into
    the Plains. Given MUCAPE of 1500-2000 J/kg, strong gusts will be
    possible, in addition to marginal hail.

    ..Jewell.. 07/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 23 07:28:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Wed Jul 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY INTO
    FRIDAY NIGHT ACROSS MUCH OF MAINE...NEW HAMPSHIRE...VERMONT...MASSACHUSSETTS...RHODE
    ISLAND...CONNECTICUT...MUCH OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN NEW YORK...LONG ISLAND...PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA...NORTHERN NEW
    JERSEY...AND NORTH DAKOTA...ADJACENT PORTIONS OF EASTERN
    MONTANA...NORTHERN SOUTH DAKOTA...AND WESTERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms, and perhaps a developing line of
    storms, may impact much of New England into parts of the northern
    Mid Atlantic region Friday, accompanied by potentially damaging wind
    gusts and perhaps some hail. The development of an organized
    cluster of storms with potential to produce strong to severe wind
    gusts is also possible across parts of the northern Great Plains.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that fairly significant troughing within the
    westerlies will dig across Quebec, northern New England and the
    Canadian Maritimes through this period. Weaker troughing is also
    forecast to dig into portions of the British Columbia and Pacific
    Northwest coast, as well as inland across California through the
    Great Basin. Downstream, a weak perturbation migrating across and
    east of the northern Rockies may contribute to weak mid-level height
    falls across the North Dakota vicinity late Friday into Friday
    night. Otherwise, models indicate that mid/upper heights will
    remain generally high across much of the central and southern Great
    Plains through the middle and southern Atlantic Seaboard. I

    In lower levels, a cold front is likely to advance across much of
    the Northeast, while its trailing flank continues to stall and
    weaken across the Ohio Valley through central and southern Great
    Plains.

    ...New England into northern Mid Atlantic...
    Lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates may not become particularly
    steep, but seasonably high boundary-layer moisture content advecting
    ahead of the southward advancing cold front may still contribute to
    moderate mixed-layer CAPE with daytime heating. In the presence of
    30-50 kt westerly flow in the 850-500 mb layer overspreading much of
    the region, the environment may become conducive to organized
    convection, perhaps including a couple of supercells, and an upscale
    growing southeastward propagating cluster or line.

    Strong to severe, potentially damaging, wind gusts, appears the
    primary hazard, though mid-level cooling across parts of northern
    New England might become conducive to severe hail. It is still
    possible that severe probabilities will need to be increased in
    later outlooks for this period, particularly across parts of
    northern New England, as lingering uncertainties perhaps become
    better resolved.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    It appears that a plume of steep mid-level lapse rates may
    overspread much of the northern Great Plains, as the subtle
    mid-level perturbation emerges from the northern Rockies Friday.
    Coupled with low-level moistening into the vicinity of the lee
    surface troughing, this may contribute to moderate to large
    potential instability by Friday afternoon.

    Thunderstorms may initiate in the form of high based convective
    development across eastern Montana into the western Dakotas during
    the late afternoon, before spreading into this environment and
    perhaps intensifying/growing upscale in the presence of
    strengthening lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection. Although shear
    may be rather modest to weak, the evolution of an organizing cluster
    with potential to produce strong to severe wind gusts might not be
    out of the question, based on the notable convective signal evident
    in the 23/00Z NAM, in particular.

    ..Kerr.. 07/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 23 19:30:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Wed Jul 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHEAST INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND UPPER OHIO VALLEY...AND OVER
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms will pose a risk of damaging winds
    across the Northeast, northern Mid-Atlantic, and Upper Ohio Valley
    on Friday. The development of an organized cluster of storms with
    potential to produce severe wind gusts is also possible across parts
    of the northern Great Plains.

    ...Northeast into the Mid-Atlantic and Upper OH Valley...
    A broad midlevel trough will move gradually eastward across Quebec
    during the day, while a related cold front advances southward across
    the Northeast and northern Mid-Atlantic. Broad large-scale ascent
    accompanying the midlevel trough and diurnal heating amid rich
    boundary-layer moisture will promote widely scattered thunderstorms
    along the front during the afternoon. Around 40 kt of deep-layer
    shear and a moderately unstable air mass will favor bands of
    organized storms (including the potential for supercell structures)
    -- with a risk of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    Within a belt of broad westerly flow aloft, an embedded midlevel
    impulse should track eastward across the northern Plains during the
    day. In response, diurnally driven high-based thunderstorms will
    pose a risk for locally severe gusts and large hail over the
    northern High Plains -- given steepening deep-layer lapse rates and
    around 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear. With time, upscale growth into
    an organized cluster is possible as storms impinge on richer
    boundary-layer moisture and a broad southerly low-level jet over the
    Dakotas.

    ...Central Plains into the Mid MS Valley...
    Guidance indicates the potential for a convectively augmented
    midlevel perturbation to develop east-northeastward across the
    central Plains, with related clusters of preceding convection.
    Associated cloud debris and poor midlevel lapse rates limit
    confidence in the severe risk at this time, though probabilities may
    eventually be needed as forecast confidence increases.

    ..Weinman.. 07/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jul 24 07:30:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu Jul 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY THROUGH
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE MIDWEST INTO SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF
    THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN ROCKIES INTO
    THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms accompanied by potentially damaging wind gusts
    are possible Saturday through Saturday night, across parts of the
    Midwest into southern Great Lakes region and across parts of the
    northern Rockies into the Dakotas.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that weak mid-level troughing inland of the Pacific
    Northwest and across California into the Great Basin will persist
    through this period, but mid-level heights downstream across the
    Rockies, much of the Great Plains/Mississippi Valley and adjacent
    portions of southern Canada are forecast to rise within
    consolidating large-scale anticyclonic flow. Farther east, subtle
    mid-level troughing associated with a couple of perturbations may
    overspread the Great Lakes region. In lower latitudes, it appears
    that the prominent center of highest mid-level heights (in excess of
    594 dm at 500 mb) will begin expanding westward out of the
    Southeast, toward the central and southern Great Plains. However, a
    weak wave on its southern periphery may continue slowly inland of
    the northwest Gulf coast.

    In lower levels, a remnant frontal zone may become increasingly
    diffuse while advancing offshore of the northern and middle Atlantic
    Seaboard, and returning northward through southern portions of the
    Great Lakes.

    ...Midwest into southern Great Lakes Region...
    Confidence is low, but models suggest that a possible convectively
    augmented perturbation may progress east of the Dakotas through the
    upper Great Lakes region during this period, with another
    convectively generated or augmented perturbation, emerging from the
    Great Plains to its south, turning eastward across the Midwest into
    southern portions of the Great Lakes. It appears that this may be
    accompanied by a belt of 20-40 kt westerly lower/mid-tropospheric
    flow. With the boundary-layer becoming characterized by seasonably
    high moisture content and sizable CAPE, along and south of the
    remnant frontal zone by Saturday afternoon, mid-level forcing for
    ascent may support an evolving cluster of storms. Although
    mid-level lapse rates may be modest to weak, the modest
    shear/westerly deep-layer mean flow may be sufficient to support a
    developing risk for strong to severe wind gusts as activity
    progresses eastward, aided by heavy precipitation loading and
    evaporative cooling/melting in downdrafts.

    ...Northern Rockies into the Dakotas...
    Confidence is low due to uncertain forcing for convective
    development across the northern Rockies, and potential for
    substantive inhibition eastward into the Great Plains. However,
    models suggest areas of stronger sub-synoptic ascent may overspread
    the higher terrain of southern Montana by late Saturday afternoon
    and evening. In the presence of a deeply mixed boundary layer with
    modest CAPE, this may become supportive of scattered upscale growing thunderstorm development capable of produce strong downbursts.
    There appears some potential for consolidating cold pools to support intensifying thunderstorm development, with a continuing risk for
    strong to severe surface gusts, in better potential boundary-layer
    instability across southeastern Montana into central North Dakota
    Saturday evening, before activity weakens in the presence of
    increasing inhibition.

    ..Kerr.. 07/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jul 24 19:30:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Jul 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY THROUGH
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE MIDWEST INTO SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF
    THE GREAT LAKES REGION...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN ROCKIES
    INTO THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms accompanied by potentially damaging wind gusts
    are possible Saturday through Saturday night, across parts of the
    Midwest into southern Great Lakes region and across parts of the
    northern Rockies into the Dakotas.

    ...Midwest into southern Great Lakes region...
    Along the northern periphery of an expansive midlevel anticyclone
    centered on the Southeast, a convectively augmented midlevel impulse
    will advance eastward from the Lower Missouri Valley into the
    southern Great Lakes region. A related cluster of thunderstorms will
    likely be ongoing at the start of the period, which should generally
    track eastward along a weak warm frontal zone extending from the
    Midwest through southern Great Lakes region. Diurnal
    heating/destabilization along the southern fringes of this activity
    may support an uptick in convective intensity through the afternoon
    -- given the development of moderate-strong surface-based buoyancy
    and around 30 kt of deep-layer shear. While the overall details
    remain unclear, damaging winds will be possible with any stronger
    storms that evolve.

    ...Northern Rockies into the Dakotas...
    Downstream of a broad large-scale trough over the West, guidance
    indicates one or more embedded midlevel perturbations advancing
    northeastward across the northern Rockies into the adjacent High
    Plains during the day. This should aid in the development of widely
    scattered high-based thunderstorms across the region from the
    afternoon into the evening/overnight hours. Steep deep-layer lapse
    rates and modestly enhanced midlevel southwesterly flow should
    support some convective organization into clusters -- with a risk of
    strong to severe wind gusts. While strong-extreme surface-based
    buoyancy and sufficient deep-layer shear farther east into the Upper
    Midwest will pose a conditional severe risk, substantial inhibition
    at the base of an EML casts too much uncertainty to add severe
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Weinman.. 07/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jul 25 07:30:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri Jul 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Plains into the
    Upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper-level ridge centered over the Mid-South will push
    northwestward on Sunday. A broad area of moderate mid-level winds
    will persist across the northern Rockies into the Upper Midwest.
    Southerly surface to 850 mb flow will draw seasonably rich moisture
    northward into the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. Strong to
    extreme buoyancy is expected to develop in these areas (3000-4000+
    J/kg MLCAPE forecast). As the upper ridge continues to intensify,
    shear will be on the increase as well. The development of severe
    storms appears most likely near a surface trough/low in the Dakotas
    with additional potential along a warm front into the Upper Midwest.


    ...Northern Plains into Upper Midwest...
    A rather uncertain forecast exists for this Sunday. The overall
    synoptic pattern would suggest the potential for MCS development
    somewhere within these areas. The NAM/GFS/ECMWF all show convective development, but their timing and location differ. This is in part
    due to the uncertainties with regard to what occurs Saturday
    afternoon into early Sunday morning. How intense this activity
    becomes late Saturday and where it travels into early Sunday will
    play a large role in the most favorable zone for afternoon storm
    initiation. The ECMWF/GFS tend to suggest storms will develop in the
    Upper Midwest on the warm front/outflow from Saturday night. The NAM
    is farther west and much later with development mid/late evening
    Sunday. For now, a broad marginal captures the envelope of possible
    outcomes. The environment will be conditionally favorable for strong
    MCS development capable of swaths of severe wind gusts. Higher
    severe probabilities will probably be needed as uncertainty
    decreases with additional/updated guidance.

    ..Wendt.. 07/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jul 25 19:23:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Fri Jul 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THE EASTERN
    DAKOTAS INTO PORTIONS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY AND
    ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC AND PORTIONS OF NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the eastern Dakotas into the
    Upper Mississippi Valley as well as across portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic and New England region.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper ridge currently over the Southeast will gradually shift
    west over the next 48-72 hours into the south-central U.S.
    Strong/severe thunderstorm chances will largely be focused on the north/northeastern periphery of the ridge as shortwave impulses
    embedded within strong westerly mid-level flow overspread buoyant
    air masses.

    ...Eastern Dakotas into the Upper MS Valley...
    Forecast confidence remains low for Sunday across the eastern
    Dakotas into portions of the upper MS Valley. A low-amplitude
    mid-level wave is forecast to round the apex of the mid-level ridge
    through the afternoon/evening across ND/MN. A residual MCS from
    overnight Saturday may accompany this wave, though the intensity of
    this MCS by Sunday morning remains uncertain. However, this will
    have a direct impact on thunderstorm development/evolution Sunday
    afternoon. Several deterministic solutions (most notably recent NAM
    and ECMWF runs) suggest either a re-intensification of the MCS
    and/or new convective development along an outflow boundary across
    MN by late afternoon. Given forecast MLCAPE of 3000-4000 J/kg and
    30-40 knots of deep-layer wind shear, this activity could strengthen
    into a well-organized, severe MCS through the late evening hours as
    it propagates southeastward along a warm frontal zone into parts of
    IA and/or WI. Other solutions, including the high-res RRFS, depict a
    weaker early-morning MCS and more limited thunderstorm coverage
    through late evening. Ensemble guidance shows similarly dichotomous
    solutions. Severe risk probabilities were maintained as-is given
    then spread in solutions, but higher risk highlights will likely be
    needed if guidance begins to coalesce around the NAM/ECMWF
    solutions.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into parts of New England...
    A weak surface trough/cold front is forecast to push eastward across
    the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic region through peak heating. A moist air
    mass will likely remain in place through the weekend and will
    promote widespread MLCAPE values of at least 1000 J/kg along with
    limited capping. West/northwesterly flow aloft coupled with modest
    low-level winds should support adequate deep-layer wind shear for a
    few strong/severe thunderstorms as convection develops by mid/late
    afternoon.

    ..Moore.. 07/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jul 26 07:34:17 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Sat Jul 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CENTRAL/EASTERN MONTANA...PARTS OF THE DAKOTAS AND UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Rockies into
    Mid-Missouri and Mid-Mississippi Valleys.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level ridging will persist across much of the central and
    southern CONUS on Monday. As this ridge amplifies into the
    Northwest, stronger mid-level winds will develop in the northern
    Plains and Upper Midwest. A surface low will modestly deepen and
    become more well-defined in the central Plains. The intensification
    of the upper trough will help to push a modest surface cold front
    southward into Tuesday morning. A pseudo warm front will be
    attendant to the low and extend southeastward through southern
    Minnesota into northern Illinois. A very moist airmass will be in
    place south of this boundary.

    Farther west, modest low-level moisture will be pushed into the
    Northern Rockies. A zone of stronger mid-level winds will stretch
    from the Great Basin into the Northern Rockies. Convection is likely
    over the terrain.

    ...South Dakota into the Upper Midwest...
    Convective development during the afternoon will be possible from
    the Black Hills and eastward where the surface low will intersect
    the cold front. Given continued warm temperatures aloft and
    uncertain mid-level forcing, it is not clear where the favored
    corridor for development will be. The stronger surface low and
    modest westerlies aloft will promote 40-50 kts of effective shear
    near the boundary. Once again, strong to extreme buoyancy is
    possible. Given the temperature-dewpoint spreads at the surface and
    the boundary-parallel shear, upscale growth would likely be quick.
    An MCS could then develop and progress along the boundary. By the
    evening, the cold front should begin to move south and a modest
    low-level jet will increase, directed into the boundary. Greater
    coverage of storms would then be possible where MLCIN remains weak.
    This is another scenario where higher wind probabilities may
    eventually be needed as uncertainty decreases.

    ...Montana...
    Though moisture will be somewhat modest (perhaps dewpoints in the
    50s F), it should be sufficient at this elevation for storm
    development over the terrain. Low-level easterlies and modest
    westerlies aloft will similarly bring 40-50 kts of effective shear.
    Lack of greater moisture will likely limit how intense storms will
    be, but a cluster or two could produce severe wind gusts and large
    hail.

    ..Wendt.. 07/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jul 26 19:16:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 PM CDT Sat Jul 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF MONTANA...THE DAKOTAS...IOWA...MINNESOTA...AND WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Rockies into the
    Dakotas and Upper Midwest.

    ...Southeast Montana and the Dakotas to Wisconsin...

    A couple of shortwave impulses are forecast to move eastward through
    westerly flow aloft on Sunday. At the surface, low pressure is
    forecast over SD, with a surface front expected to develop
    south/southeast from southeast MT to the Mid-MO Valley into early
    Monday. A very moist airmass will be in place ahead of the surface
    low/front across SD into parts of MN/IA/WI. This will support a
    broad area of strong to extreme instability. However, uncertainty
    persists, and is mainly a result of how convection and a potential
    MCS will develop in the Day 2/Sunday period and what impacts those
    storms may have on the boundary layer across parts of the Upper
    Midwest.

    Nevertheless, it appears likely isolated storms will develop near
    the surface low and within the post-frontal regime from southeast MT
    into the Black Hills vicinity. This activity will pose a risk of
    mainly strong/severe gusts and perhaps some marginal hail. With
    eastward extent across SD into MN/IA/WI, storms will likely form
    along the southward-advancing front. Some guidance depicts a modest
    low-level jet developing during the evening. Coupled with sufficient
    effective shear, and strong instability, upscale growth into an MCS
    is possible. Where this may occur is uncertain as previously
    mentioned outflow from prior convection may result in lingering
    inhibition. Some severe wind risk appears possible and the Marginal
    risk (level 1 of 5) will be maintained, though higher probabilities
    may be needed in subsequent outlooks.

    ...Central MT...

    Isolated thunderstorms will develop over higher terrain during the afternoon/evening as a shortwave trough migrates through the upper
    ridge over the Pacific Northwest. Sufficient moisture will be in
    place and relatively cool temperatures aloft will aid in MLCAPE
    values approaching 1000 J/kg. Effective shear magnitudes around
    25-30 kt will support occasionally organized cells. A deeply mixed
    boundary layer will foster locally strong/damaging wind potential.

    ..Leitman.. 07/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 27 07:29:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Sun Jul 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKIES...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...MID-MISSOURI
    VALLEY...MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from southern Montana into the
    central High Plains as well as parts of the Mid-Missouri and
    Mid-Mississippi Valleys on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level ridging will continue across much of the central and
    southern U.S. on Tuesday. A broad upper trough will strengthen in
    the upper Great Lakes and New England. Weak troughing will push into
    the West. A shortwave trough will move into the southern Great
    Basin. At the surface, moisture will remain near the
    northern/central Rockies. A modest cold front will be draped across
    the central Plains into the Lower Great Lakes.

    ...Southern South Dakota...Nebraska...Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    Similar to previous days, the forecast is uncertain and will depend
    upon how convection evolves on Monday night into Tuesday morning.
    Current guidance shows an MCS weakening Tuesday morning in the
    MN/IA/WI vicinity. Where outflow from this sets up during the
    afternoon will be a focus for potential storm development during the
    afternoon. Farther west, the surface low and cold front will have
    slid farther south. The exact position of this boundary is another
    point of uncertainty in the forecast.

    While the strong to extreme buoyancy south of the boundaries will be
    similar to Monday, the stronger shear is expected to remain just
    along and north of these boundaries. Forcing for ascent will also be
    less clear than on Monday as well. The most likely area for storm
    initiation will be where the surface low intersects the cold front
    in Nebraska. There is also some potential for clusters of storms
    that develop in eastern Wyoming to progress along the surface
    boundary into Nebraska as well. This environment could support MCS
    development given the quick upscale growth of any convective cluster
    and a modestly increasing low-level jet in the evening. There is
    potentially a corridor of greater severe risk, but it remains too
    uncertain highlight at this time.

    ...Montana/Wyoming into western South Dakota and the Nebraska
    Panhandle...
    Confidence in storm development is highest in these areas given the
    modestly moist airmass remaining pushed against the higher terrain.
    With a shortwave trough moving into the Great Basin, smaller
    perturbations can be expected to move into the central/northern
    Rockies. Widely scattered to scattered storms are possible during
    the afternoon. 30-40 kts of effective shear and moderately steep
    mid-level lapse rates, storms will be capable of severe wind gusts
    and isolated large hail.

    ...Parts of Lower Great Lakes/Ohio Valley...
    Given what could be a strong MCS/MCV moving out of the Upper Midwest
    Tuesday morning, some severe risk could develop ahead of this
    feature Tuesday afternoon. This is currently minimal support for
    this scenario in guidance. Confidence is low. Model trends will
    continue to be monitored.

    ..Wendt.. 07/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jul 27 19:19:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Sun Jul 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM MONTANA
    INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS EASTWARD TO PARTS OF THE
    MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from southern Montana into the
    central High Plains as well as parts of the Mid-Missouri and
    Mid-Mississippi Valleys on Tuesday.

    ...Central Plains to Mid-MS Valley vicinity...

    Another day of severe storms/MCS potential will exist on Tuesday.
    However, uncertainty remains high given several rounds of severe
    storms expected over the coming days prior to Tuesday/Day 3.
    However, the severe risk appears to be shunted a bit south compared
    to prior days, with southern SD/NE into IA and southern WI/northern
    IL the more likely corridor for severe potential on Tuesday.

    Convection may be ongoing across parts of WI/IL Tuesday morning. Any
    outflow associated with this system could become a focus for
    redevelopment during the afternoon. Further west, a surface low will
    be located over southern NE/KS with a cold front somewhere in the
    vicinity of northeast CO/western NE Tuesday morning. The surface
    low/front and where the cold front possibly intersects the outflow
    boundary further east also will be a focus for severe thunderstorm
    development. Stronger westerly flow aloft will likely remain
    somewhat displaced from the corridor of favorable
    thermodynamics/low-level moisture and surface boundaries.
    Nevertheless, storms producing large hail and damaging/severe gusts
    appear likely somewhere within the broad region from the central
    Plains to the Mid-MS/Lake Michigan vicinity. Given uncertainty,
    will maintain the Marginal risk (level 1 of 5), but a corridor of
    greater potential will likely emerge in the coming day or two.

    ...MT into the Central High Plains...

    Abundant boundary layer moisture will persist even in the wake of
    the surface front from MT into eastern WY, western SD/NE and
    northeast CO. The low-level upslope flow regime will support
    thunderstorm development near higher terrain initially. This
    activity should intensify as it moves off higher terrain into a
    corridor of moderate to strong instability by late afternoon/early
    evening. Effective shear will be strongest across MT/northeast
    WY/western SD (around 40 kt), weakening with southward extent into
    northeast CO (around 20-25 kt). Steep lapse rates and
    elongated/straight hodographs suggest isolated large hail will be
    possible. Meanwhile, steep low-level lapse rates/mixing to near 700
    mb should support isolated strong/severe gusts as well.

    ...Lower MI/IN/OH vicinity...

    A decaying MCS and associated MCV may be located over WI/IL Tuesday
    morning. This feature could develop east/southeast with time and
    become a focus for thunderstorm develop during the afternoon or
    evening within the very moist and strongly unstable airmass across
    the region. However, forecast guidance is not consistent with this
    scenario, possibly due to nebulous large-scale ascent. Given uncertainty/conditional nature of this potential risk, will hold off
    on expanding severe probabilities further east, but a risk area may
    be needed in later outlooks depending on trends.

    ..Leitman.. 07/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jul 28 07:34:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280732

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CDT Mon Jul 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MID
    MISSOURI/MISSISSIPPI VICINITY...PARTS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC...SOUTHERN
    NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible in the Mid Missouri/Mississippi
    Valley vicinity and within parts of the Mid-Atlantic/southern New
    England on Wednesday.

    ...Parts of Mid-Atlantic into southern New England...
    Rich low-level moisture is expected to remain within the regions
    ahead of a cold front. The timing of the front is a point of
    uncertainty, especially for northern New England, but areas
    southwest of there should see some amount of surface heating into
    the upper 80s/low 90s F. 40-50 kts of effective shear will mean
    supercell structures are likely. Poor mid-level lapse rates will
    limit storm intensity somewhat. Coverage of damaging winds is also
    not certain given a primarily cellular mode.

    ...Mid Missouri/Mississippi Vicinity...
    The uncertainty level in this portion of the forecast is moderate to
    high. Current model guidance suggests that some convection will be
    ongoing in eastern Nebraska. How intense this activity will be is
    not certain given the generally unfavorable time of day. Shear will
    also be stronger north of the surface boundary progressing southward
    through the day. Given the expected presence of an MCV, there is
    some potential for this feature to promote additional activity ahead
    of or along its outflow during the afternoon. Moderate to strong
    buoyancy and limited shear (perhaps around 20 kts) would support a
    marginal threat for damaging winds.

    ...Northern/central High Plains...
    Continued modest moisture up against the terrain will again lead to
    widely scattered to scattered thunderstorms. MLCAPE of 1000-1500
    J/kg appears possible. Shear will be stronger with northern extent.
    Even so, upper-level winds will be weak and storms may end up rather disorganized as a result. Coupled with potential cloud cover and
    early initiation limiting potential for stronger storms, severe
    probabilities will be withheld this outlook.

    ...Northwest...
    Models are in agreement that a weak shortwave trough will move
    northward into the Northwest during the afternoon. PWATs appear high
    enough to support scattered storm coverage with this feature.
    Effective shear will likely be around 20-25 kts with values around
    30 kts close to the Cascades. Inverted-v profiles would support
    isolated severe gusts. Given how weak the shortwave trough is in
    model guidance, predictability of the timing of the trough is too
    low for severe probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 07/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jul 28 19:28:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Mon Jul 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...ACROSS THE MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...AND OVER PORTIONS OF THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible in the Mid-Missouri/Mississippi
    Valley vicinity, parts of the Mid-Atlantic/southern New England, and
    the northern/central High Plains on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A belt of enhanced mid/upper westerly flow on the southern periphery
    of the eastern Canada upper cyclone will overlap portions of the
    Great Lakes to the Northeast. A surface cold front is forecast to
    move south/southeast across portions of OK/TX into the Ohio Valley
    and Northeast on Wednesday. Ahead of the front, a seasonally moist
    airmass will be in place. The corridor of greatest instability will
    reside from the Ozarks to the Ohio Valley and into the northern
    Mid-Atlantic, coincident with stronger boundary layer moisture and
    stronger heating. The better boundary layer moisture/instability
    corridor will remain displaced to the south of the stronger
    mid/upper flow. Nevertheless, a few corridors of strong to severe
    thunderstorm potential appear possible.

    ...Lower-MO/Mid-MS Valley vicinity...

    A decaying MCS from the Day 2/Tuesday period may be located over IA.
    Associated outflow and any MCV could move across parts of the Mid-MS
    Valley and become a focus for more organized storm development
    within the modestly sheared environment. This scenario is uncertain
    and depends on how convection develops late in the Day 2 period into
    early Day 3/Wednesday. Any storms that develop will do so within a
    very moist (70s dewpoints) and strongly unstable airmass. A risk for damaging/severe gusts would accompany this activity.

    ...Northeast...

    A moist boundary layer will be in place ahead of the south/southeast
    moving cold front. Midlevel lapse rates will be weak, limiting
    stronger destabilization. The corridor of greatest instability will
    likely remain confined to the northern Mid-Atlantic vicinity with
    more modest moisture/instability with northward extent into ME.
    Nevertheless, stronger vertical shear will reside across the region.
    Vertically veering wind profiles and effective shear values greater
    than 40 kt suggest supercells may be possible, though shear profiles
    are forecast to remain weak through 1-2 km. Where strong heating
    occurs and allows for steep low-level lapse rates, strong/locally
    damaging gusts may occur.

    ...Northern/Central High Plains...

    Easterly low-level flow will maintain modest boundary layer moisture
    (mid 50s to low 60s dewpoints) across the region beneath steep
    midlevel lapse rates. This will support development of moderate
    instability during the afternoon within the upslope flow regime.
    Initial thunderstorms will develop over higher terrain and generally
    migrate east. While low-level flow through around 2-3 km will remain
    very weak, vertically veering wind profiles and rapidly increasing
    westerlies above 500 mb will support effective shear magnitudes
    around 25-35 kt, allowing for some storm organization. Isolated hail
    and gusty winds will be possible with these storms.

    ...Oregon...

    A weak upper shortwave trough is forecast to move across OR during
    the afternoon or evening. Sufficient midlevel moisture will be
    present amid steep midlevel lapse rates to support isolated
    thunderstorm development associated with this feature. MLCAPE values
    to around 500-1000 J/kg over a relatively confined area near the
    Cascades will be possible. Low to midlevel flow will remain weak,
    with increasing winds above 3 km, resulting in sufficient effective
    shear magnitudes for a couple of briefly organized cells. Inverted-v
    sub-cloud thermodynamic profiles could support sporadic strong
    gusts. A Marginal risk (level 1 of 5) could be needed at some point
    in the coming day if confidence increases in storm timing and
    coverage.

    ..Leitman.. 07/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 29 07:33:42 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Tue Jul 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    Upper-level ridging is forecast to strengthen across the central
    CONUS on Thursday. Some thunderstorm activity is possible along a
    cold front which is forecast to move south into the
    Kansas/Oklahoma/Arkansas vicinity. However, building heights aloft
    and very weak flow beneath the ridge should limit storm
    intensity/coverage along the front.

    To the east of the building ridge, widespread thunderstorm activity
    is expected east of the Mississippi with neutral heights and
    moderate to strong instability. Despite the coverage of storms
    within this unstable environment, storm organization remains
    questionable due to weak lapse rates and very weak shear. Sporadic
    isolated water-loaded downdrafts within a 2+" PWAT environment may
    result in a few damaging wind gusts, but there is no clear region
    where the environment may be most favored. At this time, it appears
    a very isolated, unorganized threat is most likely from the
    Southeast into the Carolinas.

    The best potential for a more focused zone of severe storms may be
    across portions of Virginia into the mid-Atlantic where slightly
    stronger mid-level flow will be present and the southward moving
    surface front may provide additional focus for storms. No
    probabilities are warranted at this time, but they may be needed at
    a later time.

    ..Bentley.. 07/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jul 29 19:22:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 291922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Tue Jul 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    Heights will increase with the upper-level ridge on Wednesday across
    the central US. Thunderstorm activity is expected to continue near
    and south of a surface cold front extending from the central Plains
    into the Missouri and Ohio Valleys and the Northeast. The increasing
    subsidence influence from the high and generally weak lapse rates
    will lead to less widespread severe potential with thunderstorms
    across the central Plains into the Missouri/Ohio Valley. Given the
    moderate to strong instability, an occasional stronger gust from a
    wet micro burst could not be entirely ruled out, however, this risk
    appears too isolated to include probabilities.

    Along the edge of the upper level ridge across the
    Carolinas/Virginia near to the front, a few stronger storms may be
    possible. However, despite some steeper low-level lapse rates, poor
    mid-level lapse rates and little to no shear will likely negate any
    more widespread organized severe risk.

    ..Thornton.. 07/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 30 07:30:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Wed Jul 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are anticipated on Friday.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level ridge will remain centered across the High Plains on
    Friday with a sharpening mid-level trough advancing southeast across
    the Northeast. At the surface, a front will extend from the
    Mid-Atlantic to central Texas. Shear is forecast to remain very weak
    south of this frontal zone. This weak shear, combined with weak
    mid-level lapse rates, should limit overall storm organization.

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop across the Rockies on Friday
    and eventually spread into the adjacent Plains where greater
    instability is present. Isolated stronger storms capable of
    marginally severe hail and severe wind gusts could be possible. At
    this time, it unclear how many strong storms may develop across
    northern Colorado and southeast Wyoming. This uncertainty, combined
    with weaker shear than D2/Friday, precludes a Marginal Risk addition
    at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 07/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jul 30 19:20:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Wed Jul 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No organized severe thunderstorm risk is anticipated on Friday. A
    few stronger storms may be possible in the central High Plains and
    portions of the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    The pattern will remain largely benign and unchanged on D3/Friday,
    with high pressure across the central US into the Northern Rockies
    and a cold front extending from the Mid-Atlantic to the southern
    Plains.

    South of the cold front, very moist and unstable conditions will
    continue across much of the Mid-Atlantic and southeastern US.
    Afternoon widely scattered thunderstorms can be expected along and
    south of the cold front as it slowly shifts southward. A stronger
    storm or two may be capable of strong to severe wind, particularly
    across the Carolinas into eastern, Georgia where some better low to
    mid-level lapse rates are progged. Overall, weak shear should
    preclude a more widespread organized severe threat.

    Across the central High Plains, scattered thunderstorms are expected
    to form along the high terrain and move into the lower elevations. A
    stronger storm or two may pose some isolated risk for damaging wind
    and marginally severe hail. Overall, shear profiles will be weaker
    than in previous days which would keep this threat too isolated for
    inclusion of risk areas at this time.

    ..Thornton.. 07/30/2025

    $$

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