• DAY2SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 31 17:27:21 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 311727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 311725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CDT Thu Oct 31 2024

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, a few which may become capable of marginal
    hail/wind, will likely evolve across parts of the southern High
    Plains Friday evening into the overnight.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broadly cyclonic flow aloft will persist over the western half of
    the country Friday, amplifying with time as short-wave energy
    initially off the West Coast digs south-southeastward toward
    northern California through the period.

    At the surface, a cold front will shift across the Northwest and
    into the Great Basin and California, in tandem with the digging
    upper feature. Meanwhile, a remnant/west-to-east baroclinic zone
    will persist from the southeastern U.S. westward into the southern
    Plains.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Ahead of the amplifying western U.S. upper trough, weak mid-level
    height falls will support a zone of low-level warm advection across
    the southern High Plains vicinity. Afternoon heating of a gradually
    moistening low-level airmass will result in modest destabilization,
    with 500 to 1000 J/kg mixed-layer CAPE expected. Little nocturnal
    decrease in instability is expected, as low-level theta-e advection
    supported by persistent surface southeasterlies should offset any
    diurnal cooling effects.

    Given the modest but sufficient CAPE expected by afternoon, ascent
    should support gradual development of isolated to scattered storms
    -- initially in the vicinity of higher terrain. Aided by
    veering/moderately increasing flow with height, shear should support
    multicell organization and potentially some mid-level rotation. As
    such, risk for hail and/or wind reaching severe criteria exists
    locally, with a couple of the strongest storms. This potential
    should continue overnight, with a northward/northwestward expansion
    of convection as the low-level theta-e advection increases in tandem
    with a strengthening south-southeasterly low-level jet.

    ..Goss.. 10/31/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 1 05:46:56 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 010546
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CDT Fri Nov 01 2024

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE PERMIAN
    BASIN AND SOUTH PLAINS OF WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Saturday into Saturday night
    across parts of the southern Great Plains. The most likely corridor
    for a couple tornadoes and large hail is across a part of the
    Permian Basin and South Plains of west Texas during the late
    afternoon and early evening.

    ...Southern Great Plains...
    Widespread convection will be ongoing at 12Z Saturday over the
    southern High Plains, centered on southeast NM to the Panhandles,
    within a robust low-level warm theta-e advection regime. A
    semi-organized linear cluster may be present along the southern edge
    of the convective swath, and could be maintained through the diurnal
    heating cycle. Low to mid-level lapse rates downstream will be weak,
    suggesting localized strong gusts early.

    A mesoscale corridor of sustained supercell potential is evident
    over parts of the Permian Basin and South Plains from mid-afternoon
    to early evening. Regenerative convective development is expected in
    the wake of morning activity, along the effective outflow-reinforced
    baroclinic zone arcing to the west-southwest. Best potential for
    boundary-layer heating will be across the TX Trans-Pecos. Downstream
    of a full-latitude trough from the Canadian Rockies to the northern
    Gulf of CA, a strengthening upper jet over northern Mexico should
    overspread the Trans-Pecos late day. This will yield favorable mid
    to upper-level hodograph elongation with southwesterly speed shear
    immediately downstream. A couple longer-lived supercells may develop
    and move along the mesoscale outflow boundary, with a threat for
    golf- to tennis-ball-sized hail, despite moderate mid-level lapse
    rates. With an early evening increase in the low-level jet, a couple
    tornadoes may develop as well.

    Mid-level lapse rates will be weaker with a more moist-adiabatic
    profile extending northeastward into OK. Still, with the evening
    increase in the low-level jet, potential will exist for low-level
    rotation with embedded convection along the baroclinic zone. While
    convective mode will be messy, and uncertainty exists with the
    spatial placement of the corridor in the wake of daytime convection,
    the persistent influx of mid 60s surface dew points suggests a
    low-probability tornado/wind threat may extend into Saturday night.

    ..Grams.. 11/01/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 1 17:28:58 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 011728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 011727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 PM CDT Fri Nov 01 2024

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE PERMIAN
    BASIN VICINITY EAST-NORTHEASTWARD INTO SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are expected Saturday and Saturday night
    across parts of the southern Great Plains. The most likely corridor
    for a couple tornadoes and large hail is across parts of the Permian
    Basin and South Plains of Texas during the late afternoon and early
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Digging/intensification -- and gradual/steady progression -- of the
    western U.S. upper trough is expected Saturday. As this system
    shifts from the West Coast states across the Great Basin and into
    the Desert Southwest, substantial downstream mid-level height falls
    will occur across the central and southern Plains.

    At the surface, a remnant baroclinic zone -- extending from Texas
    eastward across the Southeast -- will mark the northern extent of
    the moist Gulf low-level airmass. This boundary -- in response to
    persistent southeasterly low-level flow -- should tend to retreat
    northwestward across Texas/Oklahoma, though likely to become impeded
    by convective outflow. The result will likely become a convectively
    reinforced boundary extending from the Permian Basin vicinity east-northeastward into Oklahoma, which will focus persistent,
    regenerative convection and some attendant severe risk through the
    period.

    ...Transpecos region and southeastern New Mexico northeastward into
    central and northern Oklahoma...
    Showers and thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing at the start of
    the period from southeastern New Mexico northeastward into southern
    Kansas, with potentially some local/low-end severe risk on the
    southern fringe of this convection. South of the convection, some heating/destabilization is expected -- particularly across the Transpecos/Permian Basin region. Here, an afternoon increase in
    convection -- likely in the form of supercells -- is expected to
    occur. Here, large hail will be possible, along with potential for
    locally damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes.

    Into the evening, convection should increase in coverage -- likely
    evolving into multiple linear bands, as a low-level jet increases.
    Though instability should remain lesser with northeastward extent
    into Oklahoma, owing to relatively weak lapse rates, multiple rounds
    of banded convection should be accompanied by risk for locally
    strong wind gusts, along with marginal hail and potentially a
    tornado or two. This potential should persist well into the
    overnight hours.

    ..Goss.. 11/01/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 2 05:53:32 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 020553
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 020551

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CDT Sat Nov 02 2024

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF OK TO
    THE TX BIG COUNTRY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible in multiple rounds from midday
    Sunday through Sunday night. The most likely area affected includes
    parts of Oklahoma into north and west-central Texas. Tornadoes,
    damaging winds, and large hail may occur.

    ...Synopsis...
    A full-latitude mid/upper trough will gradually progress east onto
    the Prairie Provinces and across the Desert Southwest/northwest
    Mexico. Multiple upper jet streaks are consistently progged ahead of
    the trough over the Great Plains. Mid-level southwesterlies will
    also strengthen, but the fastest flow will remain on the backside of
    the trough through Sunday afternoon. This jetlet will progress into
    the base of the trough on Sunday night, coincident with a vigorous
    shortwave impulse. Initial surface cyclogenesis will occur over the
    central High Plains and track into MN/IA by 12Z Monday. Additional
    cyclogenesis will occur Sunday night across the Pecos Valley into
    western north TX.

    ...Central to southern Great Plains...
    A complex setup remains evident during the D2 period with multiple
    rounds of severe potential anticipated.

    A decaying MCS should be ongoing across parts of the Ozarks
    southwestward into north TX, with outflow reinforcing a baroclinic
    zone across the Red River region. Guidance is highly consistent in
    suggesting the next round of west TX convection developing by late
    morning. This activity should intensify and increase in coverage
    midday through the afternoon as it tracks along the baroclinic zone
    that amplifies with differential surface heating. CAMs consistently
    indicate quick upscale growth to an organized linear cluster, with
    embedded supercell structures amid strong mid/upper southwesterlies.
    Low-level shear will initially be modest, and does not appear to be
    favorably timed with the relatively early upscale growth. Still,
    this potential MCS will eventually impinge on greater low-level SRH
    as it tracks towards and east of the I-35 corridor, yielding some
    embedded tornado risk. A final round of strong to severe convection
    should develop overnight across west TX as forcing for ascent
    increases again ahead of the aforementioned wave. Across these
    multiple rounds, a mixed/all-hazards threat will be possible.

    A separate area of low-level warm advection-driven convection may
    develop across the northeast TX vicinity during the afternoon. Weak
    mid-level lapse rates and convection along the instability gradient
    will probably temper the overall threat. But adequate low-level SRH
    will exist for a low-probability, all-hazards threat.

    Convective development along the dryline near the central High
    Plains cyclone in western KS is uncertain. The deleterious effects
    of persistent OK/north TX convection should yield a rather confined
    and limited MLCAPE plume in KS. Conditionally, the environment will
    be favorable for discrete supercells with highly elongated mid/upper
    hodographs and steep mid-level lapse rates. A sustained supercell or
    two might become established in the 00-03Z time frame. Otherwise,
    some later evening elevated hail risk may occur downstream into NE
    and north KS.

    ..Grams.. 11/02/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 2 17:32:37 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 021732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 021730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sat Nov 02 2024

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF OKLAHOMA
    INTO NORTH TEXAS AND THE ROLLING PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible in multiple rounds from midday
    Sunday through Sunday night. The most likely area affected includes
    parts of Oklahoma into north and west-central Texas. Tornadoes,
    damaging winds, and large hail may occur.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper-level trough will continue to push east and a surface
    cyclone will deepen in the central High Plains. Continued moisture
    advection northward will support the potential for severe storms,
    primarily within Oklahoma and Texas.

    ...Oklahoma into North Texas...
    Models continue to be consistent in an ongoing line of convection
    occurring early Sunday morning from eastern Oklahoma into North
    Texas. This activity complicates the forecast for the
    afternoon/evening. However, a similarly consistent signal for
    additional convection to move into these areas during the afternoon
    from the Texas Rolling Plains. This scenario is plausible given the
    persistence of low-level southerly flow as the upper-level trough
    continues to move eastward and a surface low deepens in the central
    High Plains. Buoyancy, mid-level lapse rates, and
    low-level/deep-layer shear will favor organized storms capable of
    all severe hazards. Guidance exhibits a strong signal for a linear
    convective mode where severe winds and embedded QLCS circulations
    would be the expected primary threats. Hail would be a greater
    concern for any more discrete storms. The degree of tornado threat
    is at least conditionally higher in south-central/southeast Oklahoma
    where low-level hodographs will be larger, particularly late
    afternoon into the evening. The overall uncertain character/location
    of the effective boundary from earlier convection as well as whether
    discrete storms can form along it keep confidence in a greater
    threat low.

    ...Texas Rolling Plains/Permian Basin...
    Low-level southeasterly winds will continue to advect moisture into
    the surface trough/dryline. Forcing from the upper-level trough will
    overspread this region by mid/late morning. Guidance suggests a
    quick transition to a linear mode, but effective shear of 40-50 kts
    across the boundary and long straight hodographs will favor some
    threat for large hail with initial supercells. Severe winds will
    likely be the primary threat as convection moves northeast. Some
    QLCS tornado threat is possible as low-level shear increases to the
    east.

    ...Kansas/Nebraska...
    Within the surface low/dryline, isolated discrete storm development
    appears possible in western Kansas. Uncertainty remains high given
    potential influence from convection to the south. Further, stronger
    forcing does not arrive until the evening. Should storms develop,
    strong effective shear (50-55 kts) and steep mid-level lapse rates
    will favor supercells capable of severe winds and large hail. At
    least a narrow window for a tornado risk will be present during late
    evening.

    ...East Texas into far western Louisiana...
    Within a warm advection regime, a few storms may develop in East
    Texas and adjacent Louisiana. Buoyancy will be maximized in East
    Texas and diminish with eastward extent. Deep-layer southwesterly
    flow will be sufficient for marginal supercell structures. Damaging
    winds and isolated large hail would be possible. Given the presence
    of an effective warm front/moisture boundary, low-level shear will
    also be adequate for the stronger storms to potentially produce a
    brief tornado.

    ..Wendt.. 11/02/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 3 05:59:10 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 030559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 030557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Sun Nov 03 2024

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    TX TO SOUTHWEST MO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely, especially on Monday
    afternoon to early evening from northeast Texas to southwest
    Missouri. Tornadoes, a couple of which may be strong, and damaging
    winds should be the main hazards.

    ...Southern Great Plains to the Mid-MS Valley...
    A vigorous shortwave impulse and intense mid-level jet will eject
    across west TX on Monday morning and advance northeast into the
    Lower MO Valley by early Tuesday. While the trough orientation will
    be positive tilt and yield a predominantly south-southwesterly
    mid/upper flow regime, some of the fast winds will overlap with the
    northwest portion of the moderate buoyancy plume across the southern
    Great Plains. Weak mid-level lapse rates will afflict the warm-moist
    sector owing to multiple preceding days of convective overturning
    and the meridional flow regime.

    Low-level warm advection should foster one convective swath centered
    from the Ark-La-Tex to the Mid-MS Valley at 12Z Monday. A separate
    linear cluster should also be ongoing in the western north TX to
    southwest OK vicinity, near a surface cyclone attendant to the
    aforementioned shortwave trough. This surface cyclone should deepen
    slightly as it progresses northeastward. Guidance suggests a window
    for at least modest diabatic surface heating between the convective
    swaths, across northeast TX into southeast OK, where mid to upper
    60s dew points should be emanating north from east TX. Increasing
    convective coverage and intensity are expected towards midday into
    the afternoon, within a largely north-northeast to south-southwest
    oriented swath centered on eastern OK to northeast TX. While a
    linear mode should dominate, enlarged low-level hodograph curvature
    and favorable speed shear in the mid/upper-levels will support
    potential for embedded supercell structures. This should be
    sufficient for tornadoes, a couple of which may be strong, along
    with scattered damaging winds.

    Severe potential should diminish Monday night as the mostly linear
    convective band shifts east of the daytime-heating corridor.
    Convection over east to southeast TX will likely slow its eastward
    advance and contain more undercutting outflow, as large-scale ascent
    shifts north. The extent of severe potential northeast of the Ozarks
    will be limited by progressively diminishing surface-based
    instability. But amid a very strong low-level flow, confidence is
    low in where severe potential will become negligible Monday night.

    ..Grams.. 11/03/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 3 17:30:43 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 031730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CST Sun Nov 03 2024

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms, associated with tornadoes, large
    hail, and wind damage, are likely on Monday and Monday night from
    the Southern Plains north-northeastward into the Ozarks and mid
    Mississippi Valley. A few of the tornadoes could be strong.

    ...Southern Plains/Ozarks/Mid Mississippi Valley...
    Water vapor imagery currently shows an upper-level trough in the
    Desert Southwest, with a mid-level jet translating southeastward
    through California within the western part of the system. The jet
    max will move through the base of the upper-level trough tonight and
    eject northeastward into the southern Plains on Monday. As this
    occurs, a surface low will develop Monday morning across northwest
    Texas, with the low deepening and moving northeastward across
    western Oklahoma during the day. To the south of the low, a dryline
    from southwest Oklahoma into west-central Texas will sharpen and
    move eastward. A moist airmass will be in place to the east of the
    dryline with surface dewpoints in the 60s F. The moist airmass will
    extend from the southern Plains northeastward into the Ozarks and
    Mid Mississippi Valley. The low-level moisture, combined with lift
    associated with the approaching upper-level system, along with
    instability and shear will be favorable for severe storms,
    especially during the afternoon and evening.

    Over the top of the moist airmass, a broad belt of strong low-level
    flow will maintain moisture advection throughout the day ahead of
    the approaching trough. Scattered strong to potentially severe
    storms are expected during the morning from near the dryline in
    west-central Texas, eastward into the Ark-La-Tex near the axis of a
    low-level jet. As the system moves into the southern High Plains
    during the afternoon, large-scale ascent will become more focused,
    and the low-level jet will strengthen over the eastern part of the
    southern Plains into the Ark-La-Tex. In response, several line
    segments will organize and increase in intensity from north Texas
    into central and eastern Oklahoma and far southeast Kansas.

    A consensus of model forecast soundings for Monday/21Z to the east
    of the dryline have MLCAPE in the 1200 to 2000 J/kg range, 0-6 km
    shear of 50 to 60 knots, and 0-3 storm-relative helicity in the 250
    to 350 300 m2/s2 range. This will be favorable for supercells with
    tornadoes, large hail and wind damage. 0-3 km storm-relative
    helicity is forecast to increase into the 350 to 450 m2/s2 range
    during the late afternoon and early evening, becoming favorable for
    strong tornadoes. The potential for strong tornadoes will be
    associated with the more dominant supercells that remain
    semi-discrete. The greatest potential for strong tornadoes is
    expected from eastern Oklahoma and northeast Texas. Large hail will
    also be possible with supercells. The potential for wind damage will
    become likely with supercells, and will be increasingly possible
    with line-segments during the afternoon. The upper-level trough will
    move into the southern Plains during the evening, as the associated
    dryline and low-level jet shift eastward into the Ark-La-Tex and
    Ozarks. Ahead of the dryline, a nearly continuous line of severe
    storms is expected in the evening, which will likely be associated
    with tornadoes and wind damage.

    ..Broyles.. 11/03/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 3 17:41:13 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 031741
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031739

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1139 AM CST Sun Nov 03 2024

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHEAST TEXAS...

    CORRECTED FOR WORDING LAST PARAGRAPH

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms, associated with tornadoes, large
    hail, and wind damage, are likely on Monday and Monday night from
    the Southern Plains north-northeastward into the Ozarks and mid
    Mississippi Valley. A few of the tornadoes could be strong.

    ...Southern Plains/Ozarks/Mid Mississippi Valley...
    Water vapor imagery currently shows an upper-level trough in the
    Desert Southwest, with a mid-level jet translating southeastward
    through California within the western part of the system. The jet
    max will move through the base of the upper-level trough tonight and
    eject northeastward into the southern Plains on Monday. As this
    occurs, a surface low will develop Monday morning across northwest
    Texas, with the low deepening and moving northeastward across
    western Oklahoma during the day. To the south of the low, a dryline
    from southwest Oklahoma into west-central Texas will sharpen and
    move eastward. A moist airmass will be in place to the east of the
    dryline with surface dewpoints in the 60s F. The moist airmass will
    extend from the southern Plains northeastward into the Ozarks and
    Mid Mississippi Valley. The low-level moisture, combined with lift
    associated with the approaching upper-level system, along with
    instability and shear will be favorable for severe storms,
    especially during the afternoon and evening.

    Over the top of the moist airmass, a broad belt of strong low-level
    flow will maintain moisture advection throughout the day ahead of
    the approaching trough. Scattered strong to potentially severe
    storms are expected during the morning from near the dryline in
    west-central Texas, eastward into the Ark-La-Tex near the axis of a
    low-level jet. As the system moves into the southern High Plains
    during the afternoon, large-scale ascent will become more focused,
    and the low-level jet will strengthen over the eastern part of the
    southern Plains into the Ark-La-Tex. In response, several line
    segments will organize and increase in intensity from north Texas
    into central and eastern Oklahoma and far southeast Kansas.

    A consensus of model forecast soundings for Monday/21Z to the east
    of the dryline have MLCAPE in the 1200 to 2000 J/kg range, 0-6 km
    shear of 50 to 60 knots, and 0-3 storm-relative helicity in the 250
    to 350 m2/s2 range. This will be favorable for supercells with
    tornadoes, large hail and wind damage. 0-3 km storm-relative
    helicity is forecast to increase into the 350 to 450 m2/s2 range
    during the late afternoon and early evening, becoming favorable for
    strong tornadoes. The potential for strong tornadoes will be
    associated with the more dominant supercells that remain
    semi-discrete. The greatest potential for strong tornadoes is
    expected from eastern Oklahoma and northeast Texas. Large hail will
    also be possible with supercells. The potential for wind damage will
    become likely with supercells, and will be increasingly possible
    with line-segments during the afternoon. The upper-level trough will
    move into the southern Plains during the evening, as the associated
    dryline and low-level jet shift eastward into the Ark-La-Tex and
    Ozarks. Ahead of the dryline, a nearly continuous line of severe
    storms is expected in the evening, which will likely be associated
    with tornadoes and wind damage.

    ..Broyles.. 11/03/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 4 06:28:49 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 040628
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040627

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 AM CST Mon Nov 04 2024

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE SABINE TO
    LOWER MS VALLEYS AND CENTRAL/SOUTHERN WI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A brief tornado or two and locally damaging winds may occur on
    Tuesday across a portion of the Sabine to Lower Mississippi Valleys,
    and central to southern Wisconsin.

    ...Gulf Coast States...
    Lingering convection on Tuesday morning should be confined along a
    slowing cold front in the TX Gulf Coast to the Sabine Valley. Some
    of this activity might produce small hail along the TX Gulf Coast
    portion where the surface front will likely shift off the coast by
    mid-morning. Farther northeast, adequate low-level shear should be
    maintained through at least midday, yielding potential for rotating
    convection. But mid-level lapse rates will remain weak, and
    large-scale ascent will be pulling away from the region through the
    day. Some convective redevelopment is possible along the
    front/residual outflows midday into the afternoon. Locally strong
    gusts and a brief tornado will be possible during the first half of
    the period. Low to deep-layer shear magnitudes are expected to
    diminish from south to north during the evening.

    Across the FL Keys, based on latest NHC track/intensity forecast for
    PTC 18 along with 00Z guidance, tornado potential is expected to
    remain negligible through 12Z Wednesday.

    ...Central/southern WI...
    A conditional, low-probability setup from low-topped convection is
    evident from about midday to mid-afternoon Tuesday. A deep surface
    cyclone around 995 mb should track northeast from IA to central WI.
    Some models suggest a mesoscale-focused corridor of modest diabatic
    surface heating may overlap the northwest periphery of mid to upper
    50s dew points. This could yield scant surface-based buoyancy
    immediately ahead of the cyclone. However, this heating may occur
    once low-level winds begin to veer, yielding low confidence in
    whether enlarged hodographs will overlap the meager instability.
    Still, with most 00Z CAMs indicating discrete convection,
    low-probability tornado/wind highlights appear warranted.

    ..Grams.. 11/04/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 4 17:28:21 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 041728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Mon Nov 04 2024

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SABINE
    TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND OVER PARTS OF WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A tornado or two and locally damaging winds may occur on Tuesday
    across a portion of the Sabine to Lower Mississippi Valleys, and
    central to southern Wisconsin.

    ...Synopsis...

    A compact upper shortwave trough will shift northeast across the
    Middle and Upper MS Valley and upper Great Lakes vicinity on
    Tuesday. As the same time, another upper trough over the northern
    Rockies will dig south/southeast through the period, maintaining
    broad upper troughing over the West and into the Plains. Moderate to
    strong deep-layer southwesterly flow associated with the initial
    shortwave trough over the MS Valley will overspread east TX to the
    Great Lakes. At the surface, low pressure initially over northeast
    KS/northwest MO/southeast NE will lift northeast into southern
    Ontario by Wednesday morning. A cold front/composite outflow will
    extend from the Mid-MS Valley into east TX and the TX Gulf Coast
    vicinity. This boundary will slowly shift east through the period.
    Meanwhile, a warm front will be draped across the upper Great Lakes
    vicinity. Strong mid/upper level flow and these low-level boundaries
    and surface low will focus some potential for strong thunderstorms
    on Tuesday, mainly over WI and parts of southeast Texas to the Lower
    MS.

    ...East TX/Lower MS Valley...

    Convection will be ongoing Tuesday morning across east TX toward the
    TX coast as a cold front slowly progresses east. A corridor of
    modest instability will be in place ahead of the front from the TX
    coast/Sabine Valley into LA. Midlevel lapse rates are expected to
    remain poor. However, a moist boundary-layer (dewpoints in the low
    70s F) and moderate low-level and deep-layer shear will support
    organized convection. Forecast soundings indicate enlarged, looping
    hodographs, becoming elongated above 3 km. This suggests rotation
    may accompany convection, and a tornado or two will be possible,
    particularly across parts of LA into southwest AR where low-level
    shear will be somewhat more favorable compared to points further
    south near the TX coast. Otherwise, line segments and cells may also
    produce locally strong gusts. The severe risk should move offshore
    the TX coast by around midday/early afternoon, while persisting
    through the afternoon to early evening further north across LA and
    the southeast AR vicinity. Overall, severe risk should be tempered
    by poor lapse rates and only modest destabilization, along with
    generally weak large-scale ascent further removed from the ejecting
    upper shortwave trough.

    ...WI...

    Warm advection ahead of the surface low/cold front moving from IA
    into WI will result in showers/thunderstorms and widespread cloud
    cover through the morning. This will limit diurnal heating, through
    forecast soundings suggest some areas could warm into the mid 50s to
    near 60 F by mid afternoon. This could allow for weak
    destabilization, though may be ill-timed as low-level winds begin to
    veer with time. While this lends to uncertainty in severe potential,
    at least a low-end/conditional risk for a tornado or two, or locally
    strong gusts appears possible.

    ..Leitman.. 11/04/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 5 05:59:56 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 050559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1158 PM CST Mon Nov 04 2024

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE LOWER FL
    KEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few brief tornadoes will be possible within outer bands of
    Tropical Cyclone Rafael, from late morning into the evening
    Wednesday across the Keys and the far southern Peninsula of Florida.

    ...Keys/southern Peninsula of FL...
    Latest NHC forecast has Tropical Storm Rafael intensifying to a
    hurricane by 12Z Wednesday and moving across western Cuba into the
    eastern Gulf through early Thursday. Most 00Z guidance has trended
    farther northeast with the attendant belt of stronger low-level flow
    relative to 24 hours ago. As such, near-easterly surface winds
    veering to south-southeasterlies will yield hodograph enlargement.
    This increase should be favorably timed to the diurnal heating
    cycle, with peak low-level SRH anticipated during afternoon. Amid
    increasingly rich mean-mixing ratios of 17-18 g/kg, deeper outer
    band cells will likely rotate across the FL Straits and progress
    west-northwest across the Keys and adjacent peninsula. At least a
    few waterspouts appear probable and these may move across land as
    tornadoes. Overall threat should diminish Wednesday night as
    low-level SRH gradually subsides, and deep convection becomes
    confined to the Gulf.

    ..Grams.. 11/05/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 5 17:30:01 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 051729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CST Tue Nov 05 2024

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE LOWER
    FLORIDA KEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of brief tornadoes will be possible within outer bands of
    Tropical Cyclone Rafael, from late morning into the evening
    Wednesday across the Keys and the far southern Peninsula of Florida.

    ...Keys/southern Peninsula of FL...
    Tropical Cyclone Rafael is forecast to move northwestward across
    western Cuba and into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico Wednesday
    night per the latest National Hurricane Center forecast. Low-level
    flow fields are forecast to strengthen across the Florida Straits
    and Keys, with hodographs enlarging through early evening. This
    increase should be favorably timed to the diurnal heating cycle,
    with peak low-level SRH anticipated during the late afternoon. Mid
    to upper 70s surface dewpoints will contribute to buoyancy
    sufficient for some of the stronger updrafts to intermittently
    rotate with a couple of tornadoes possible. The tornado threat will
    probably lessen with time Wednesday night as low-level SRH weakens,
    and deep convection becomes confined to the Gulf.

    ..Smith.. 11/05/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 6 06:51:31 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 060651
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060650

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CST Wed Nov 06 2024

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN A PART OF WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible, beginning in the late
    afternoon Thursday across parts of west and central Texas. The most
    likely corridor for large hail will be over a part of west Texas on
    Thursday evening/night.

    ...West/central TX...
    A mid/upper low will drift east across AZ/NM through much of the day
    Thursday. By Thursday night, it should accelerate as an attendant
    mid-level jet becomes confined to the southeast quadrant of the
    cyclone. While a surface ridge will initially nose down the southern
    High Plains from an anticyclone over the central High Plains, this
    will eventually lose amplitude. Weak cyclogenesis should occur late
    in the period along an inverted surface trough in parts of west TX.

    A persistent increase in low-level moisture from the western Gulf
    will return northwestward through the period. While some elevated
    convection will be possible during the day, initially from central
    to northwest TX, the bulk of convective development should occur in
    the evening/night as the low-level jet broadly intensifies. This
    will be coincident with a gradual increase in mid-level height falls overspreading west TX Thursday night.

    A mesoscale corridor of relatively greater supercell potential
    appears evident during the evening/night. This appears centered on
    parts of the Lower Pecos Valley/Permian Basin and the western
    Edwards Plateau regions near the surface trough. While low-level
    lapse rates should be weak, strong southwesterly speed shear in the
    mid to upper levels will be favorable for a primary threat of large
    hail with a mix of cells/small clusters. An abrupt cutoff to
    surface-based severe convection is expected to the north/west of
    this corridor, especially as weak cyclogenesis occurs. While
    consistency has increased in guidance relative to 24 hours, where
    exactly this demarcation is will likely be modulated by how
    widespread elevated convection becomes during the evening to night.

    ..Grams.. 11/06/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 6 17:28:01 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 061727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Wed Nov 06 2024

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of west and central
    Texas, with the greatest threat expected Thursday evening/night
    across parts of west Texas. Large hail, isolated severe gusts, and a
    tornado or two are all possible.

    ...Parts of west and central TX...
    A deep mid/upper-level low is forecast to move slowly eastward
    across AZ/NM on Thursday, before accelerating later Thursday night
    into early Friday morning. An expansive surface ridge will initially
    cover much of the western/central CONUS, though weak cyclogenesis is
    expected later in the period in the vicinity of an inverted surface
    trough over west TX. Seasonably rich surface moisture will stream
    westward across parts of western/central TX through the day, with
    increasing moisture also expected atop a relatively shallow
    cool/stable layer into parts of northwest TX and southwest OK by the
    end of the period.

    Elevated convection will be possible near/north of the effective
    warm front through the day, with isolated diurnal storm development
    also possible within the moistening/destabilizing warm sector. Storm
    coverage and the organized severe threat are expected to increase
    later in the evening into the overnight hours, as the low-level jet
    nocturnally intensifies and the mid/upper-level low approaches the
    region.

    Moderate instability and rather strong deep-layer shear will support
    the potential for a few supercells and organized clusters,
    especially across parts of the Permian Basin and Edwards Plateau
    regions. A threat for large hail and localized severe gusts will
    accompany the strongest storms. Also, while the bulk of the
    nocturnal convection may tend to be somewhat elevated, increasingly
    rich low-level moisture will support some potential for
    surface-based supercells near the surface trough/low, with favorably
    veering wind profiles supporting a threat of a tornado or two.

    ...Lower FL Keys...
    Hurricane Rafael is forecast to move westward across the southern
    Gulf of Mexico on Thursday; see NHC forecasts and advisories for
    more information. Relatively strong low-level flow to the east of
    Rafael may still be in place across the lower Keys at the start of
    the forecast period, though weakening is expected through the day as
    Rafael moves away from the region. While a low-probability tornado
    threat cannot be ruled out across parts of the lower Keys, the
    magnitude of the threat from 12Z onward appears too limited for
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Dean.. 11/06/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 7 06:47:06 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 070647
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070645

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CST Thu Nov 07 2024

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN CENTRAL TO
    NORTH TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible through early evening
    Friday across parts of central to north Texas.

    ...TX...
    A deep mid/upper-level cyclone will move north-northeastward from NM
    into the central High Plains. A weak surface low will similarly
    track northward from northwest TX into western KS before occluding.
    A trailing outflow-reinforced cold front should push east into
    central TX by late afternoon Friday. A surface ridge initially
    across the Mid-South will limit more substantial moisture return
    north of the Red River.

    Extensive convection will likely be ongoing at 12Z Friday across
    parts of west TX/OK. An isolated/marginal severe threat could
    accompany the storms during the morning across the Edwards Plateau
    vicinity, where more favorable mid-level instability will be.
    Surface-based destabilization will struggle across northern parts of
    TX and this should support increasingly pronounced differential
    heating from south to north across central TX. Guidance consensus
    suggests a separate arc of afternoon thunderstorm development should
    occur within a warm conveyor ahead of the surface front. This could
    foster a mesoscale uptick in severe potential approaching the I-35
    corridor late day. While low-level SRH should be modest where MLCAPE
    is more than meager, rich western Gulf moisture will support
    potential for a few supercells. Hail/wind may be the primary
    threats, but a couple tornadoes are also possible. Guidance does
    differ with how quickly the outflow-reinforced cold front pushes
    east during the day, yielding moderate uncertainty of where a
    greater severe threat may be.

    Given the north-northeast track of the upper low and associated weak
    surface cyclone, forcing for ascent should progressively wane during
    the evening from south to north. This suggests the severe threat
    will likely diminish after sunset.

    ..Grams.. 11/07/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 7 17:30:07 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 071730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CST Thu Nov 07 2024

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTH TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible through early/mid evening
    Friday across parts of central to north Texas. A couple of tornadoes
    will be possible, along with isolated hail and damaging winds.

    ...Texas...
    The Marginal Risk has been expanded somewhat with this outlook, but
    higher severe probabilities may eventually be needed for some part
    of central/north TX, if a mesoscale corridor of greater potential
    becomes apparent.

    A deep mid/upper-level cyclone will move north-northeastward from NM
    into the central High Plains on Friday. A weak surface low is
    forecast to move from parts of western north TX into western KS. A
    trailing outflow-reinforced cold front will move eastward across
    parts of central/north TX through the day and into the evening. Rich
    low-level moisture will be in place along/east of the front across
    parts of TX, though a surface ridge extending from the Midwest into
    the Mid-South will limit the northward extent of substantial
    moisture return. A diffuse warm front will likely become established
    somewhere across north TX, with low 60s F dewpoints to the north of
    the this front, and upper 60s to low 70s F dewpoints south of the
    front.

    Widespread convection will likely be ongoing Friday morning across
    parts of west TX/OK. Favorable low-level and deep-layer shear could
    support an isolated severe threat with the strongest early-day
    storms. Diurnal redevelopment will be possible across parts of
    central/north TX, both within a moist warm-conveyor east of the
    front, and also in the vicinity of the front itself by late
    afternoon. While stronger low-level flow will be lifting northward
    away from the warm sector through the day, somewhat backed low-level
    flow will maintain modestly favorable low-level shear/SRH, while
    deep-layer shear will remain sufficient for organized convection.
    Rich low-level moisture will support MLCAPE of 500-1500 J/kg
    (greater with southward extent) across the effective warm sector
    during the afternoon and early evening.

    A few supercells could evolve along/ahead of the cold front and
    near/south of the effective warm front during the afternoon and
    evening across parts of central/north TX, with at least some threat
    for all severe hazards. Guidance continues to vary regarding the
    evolution of early-day convection and related timing of the cold
    front, but a mesoscale corridor of somewhat greater severe threat
    could evolve with time, with potential for a couple of tornadoes and
    isolated hail/damaging gusts.

    ..Dean.. 11/07/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 8 06:47:43 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 080647
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080646

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1246 AM CST Fri Nov 08 2024

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Western Gulf Coast to Lower MO/OH Valleys...
    A vertically stacked cyclone will pivot northeastward from the
    central High Plains into the Upper Midwest during the period. An
    occluded/cold front will initially arc southeast to south from the
    surface low. The trailing portion will slow and become nearly
    stationary from AR to the TX Gulf Coast by early Sunday. A warm
    front will attempt to advance north across the Lower MS Valley into
    the Mid-South by late afternoon Saturday. Rich low-level moisture
    will be present along/south of the front. But the belt of strong
    mid-level south-southwesterlies in the southeast quadrant of the
    cyclone will remain displaced well north of the warm front. Poor
    mid-level lapse rates will greatly hamper warm-sector buoyancy. Much
    of the thunderstorm activity should remain elevated and driven by
    the warm conveyor in a weakly buoyant profile.

    ..Grams.. 11/08/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 8 17:12:46 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 081712
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081711

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1111 AM CST Fri Nov 08 2024

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper cyclone over the central Plains will shift east/northeast
    through the period, becoming positioned over the Upper Midwest
    vicinity by Sunday morning. Moderate deep-layer southwesterly flow
    will overspread portions of the mid/upper MS Valley and Great Lakes
    ahead of this feature. Surface cyclogenesis is not expected to be
    strong, with low pressure over northwest KS actually weakening as it
    shifts northeast with time. Nevertheless, a broader area of low
    pressure will develop over the northern Plains to the Upper MS
    Valley.

    A warm front oriented over the Lower MS Valley/Mid-South vicinity
    will lift north through the period on increasing southerly low-level
    flow. This will allow for upper 50s to low 60s F dewpoints to spread
    northward across the Mid-South into the Mid-MS and Lower OH Valleys,
    with higher dewpoints further south across the Lower MS Valley. Warm
    850 mb temperatures will result in poor low-level lapse rates and
    the boundary-layer will remain capped through the period. Midlevel
    lapse rates are also forecast to remain poor, and instability will
    be scant. Furthermore, strong vertical shear will remain displaced
    from the deeper boundary-layer moisture. While elevated
    thunderstorms will be possible within the warm advection regime from
    the western Gulf Coast to the Mid-MS/Lower OH Valley region, severe
    storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 11/08/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 9 05:54:46 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 090554
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090552

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1152 PM CST Fri Nov 08 2024

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough and its attendant surface cyclone over the Upper
    Midwest at 12Z Sunday will progress east, reaching the Ottawa Valley
    by early morning Monday. A surface front, trailing southwestward,
    will sink slowly southeast over the OH Valley to Mid-South and
    remain quasi-stationary over the Ark-La-Tex. A confined low-level
    warm/moist conveyor will support a threat for elevated thunderstorms
    from the Mid-South to the OH Valley. Surface-based storms will be
    possible southwestward to the western/central Gulf Coast. Poor lapse
    rates, weak buoyancy, and diminishing vertical shear will preclude
    severe storms.

    Across south FL, as moisture increases within a southeasterly
    low-level flow regime, isolated thunderstorms will be possible
    Sunday night.

    ..Grams.. 11/09/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 9 17:21:54 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 091721
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CST Sat Nov 09 2024

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A compact upper-level cyclone over the middle MO Valley is forecast
    to quickly translate eastward, reaching the eastern Great Lakes and
    upper OH valley Sunday evening. At the surface, low pressure and a
    trailing cold front will accompany the upper low, moving into
    southern Canada by early Monday. Showers and elevated thunderstorms
    are likely along the front from the OH Valley, to the Mid-South and
    ArklaTex. Primarily elevated and within weak buoyancy and limited
    vertical shear, organized severe thunderstorms appear unlikely.
    Additional scattered air mass storms are possible across parts of
    the Carolinas, southern FL and the Gulf Coast.

    ...Mississippi Valley...
    In the immediate wake of the departing upper-level cyclone, weak and
    broad troughing will persist over parts of the middle and lower MS
    Valley. A northeast to southwest oriented frontal zone will bound
    the western edge of a plume of seasonably high surface moisture with
    dewpoints in the mid 60s F. Showers and thunderstorms are likely to
    be ongoing along and east of the front early Sunday. However, as the
    upper cyclone departs, forcing for ascent and stronger flow aloft
    will gradually diminish from west to east. Given the expected
    coverage of cloud debris and preceding precipitation, poor low and
    mid-level lapse rates are expected with sparse surface heating. This
    should limit diurnal destabilization to generally less than 1000
    J/kg of MUCAPE. While scattered thunderstorms are expected along and
    near the front through much of the day and into the evening poor
    lapse rates, weak buoyancy, and diminishing vertical shear will
    likely preclude severe potential.

    ..Lyons.. 11/09/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 10 06:30:25 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 100630
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100628

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 AM CST Sun Nov 10 2024

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected Monday or Monday night.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated, elevated thunderstorms may be ongoing across parts of the
    Carolina Coastal Plain. Weak tropospheric lapse rates will be a
    limiting factor to updraft intensity. Low-level flow will become
    increasingly veered during the day, yielding a predominately zonal
    flow regime. This should result in thunder potential shifting
    entirely offshore around midday.

    A few thunderstorms embedded within a corridor of slow-moving
    convection will be possible along a portion of the central Gulf
    Coast, before activity gradually wanes during the day. Isolated
    thunderstorms may also develop across a portion of south FL during
    the afternoon.

    ...Western WA/OR and northern CA...
    A leading shortwave trough and attendant surface cold front should
    move onshore Monday morning. In its wake, low to mid-level lapse
    rates will steepen amid meager buoyancy. An upstream shortwave
    impulse and persistent onshore low-level winds should support
    scattered, low-topped convection. Some of this will be sufficiently
    deep to foster sporadic lightning through Monday evening.
    Thunderstorm probabilities will diminish Monday night as the plume
    of steep mid-level lapse rates shifts farther inland.

    ..Grams.. 11/10/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 10 17:23:58 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 101723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CST Sun Nov 10 2024

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Monday along parts of the eastern
    Gulf Coast, Atlantic Seaboard and in the western states. No severe
    threat is expected across the continental U.S. Monday or Monday
    night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level trough will move through the eastern U.S. on Monday, as
    a cold front advances southeastward into the Mid-Atlantic and
    southern Appalachians. Ahead of the front, thunderstorms will be
    possible on Monday within a moist airmass across the eastern
    Carolinas. Isolated storms may also occur along a sea breeze
    boundary in coastal parts of south and east Florida. In addition,
    some lighting strikes may occur in the central Gulf Coast, in
    association with the outer bands of Tropical Cyclone Rafael. In the
    western U.S., thunderstorms may develop on Monday ahead of a
    mid-level trough from the Sierras northward into western Oregon and
    western Washington. No severe threat is expected across the
    continental U.S. Monday and Monday night.

    ..Broyles.. 11/10/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 11 06:44:29 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 110644
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110642

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 AM CST Mon Nov 11 2024

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHWEST
    TX TO FAR SOUTHWEST KS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe hail will be possible in parts of the southern
    High/Rolling Plains on Tuesday evening.

    ...Southern High/Rolling Plains...
    Zonal upper flow over the southern states will buckle as a
    full-latitude trough progresses eastward across the West. This
    trough should reach the Great Plains by 12Z Wednesday. Primary
    embedded shortwave impulse is expected to eject from the Four
    Corners into the central Great Plains. Low-level moisture quality
    downstream will be lacking, owing in part to the preceding presence
    of post-TC Rafael in the western Gulf. Modified moisture return will
    still emanate northward from northeast Mexico. Low to mid 50s
    surface dew points should reach the TX Panhandle by 00Z, with upper
    50s farther south in west TX. This should yield a narrow ribbon of
    weak buoyancy (MLCAPE around 500 J/kg), ahead of a sharpening
    surface trough.

    Confidence remains low in whether surface-based storms will become
    sustained prior to sunset, given the limited buoyancy and rather dry
    mid-levels within the southwesterly flow regime. More probable
    convective development is expected during the evening, as
    large-scale ascent increases with approach of the trough and
    strengthening low-level warm theta-e advection occurs. Favorable
    speed shear in the cloud-bearing layer will support potential for a
    few elevated supercells. Mid-level lapse rates appear modest, and
    this may hold hail magnitudes to marginally severe. The severe
    threat will probably be confined to the early/western portion of sustained-storm activity, but small hail may persist
    east-northeastward in parts of OK/KS Tuesday night.

    ..Grams.. 11/11/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 11 17:26:04 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 111725
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 AM CST Mon Nov 11 2024

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE TEXAS PANHANDLE AND SOUTH PLAINS...AND INTO WESTERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few elevated storms -- possibly capable of producing hail -- may
    develop across parts of the southern High Plains and into western
    Oklahoma Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    As an upper-level trough shifts across the northeastern U.S. and
    eventually vacates the CONUS, a second/high-amplitude trough
    crossing the western states is forecast to cross the High Plains and
    emerge into the Plains States during the second half of the period
    tomorrow (Tuesday).

    At the surface, an expansive area of high pressure will cover the
    eastern half of the U.S. in the wake of a prior cold-frontal
    passage, while remnants of Rafael linger over the western Gulf.
    Overnight, a cold front -- associated with the western upper trough
    -- is forecast to shift out of the Rockies and into the Plains.

    ...Texas Panhandle/South Plains region into western Oklahoma...
    Boundary-layer moisture return is forecast to be meager ahead of the
    advancing cold front, as northeasterly winds will persist across the
    western Gulf of Mexico west of the remnants of Rafael. As such,
    surface-based, diurnal convective development appears unlikely.
    With that said, elevated theta-e advection should be sufficient to
    allow thunderstorm development to occur across portions of the
    southern High Plains region and into parts of Kansas and Oklahoma
    overnight. Ample cloud-layer shear combined with 500 to 1000 J/kg
    elevated CAPE expected to evolve may allow a few storms to develop
    some mid-level rotation. As such, hail potential still appears
    sufficient to warrant maintenance of Level 1/MRGL risk across this
    area.

    ..Goss.. 11/11/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 12 06:58:58 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 120658
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120657

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CST Tue Nov 12 2024

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER
    MS VALLEY AND NORTHEAST GULF COAST...FOR COASTAL WA/OR/NORTHERN
    CA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal tornado/wind threat is apparent on Wednesday afternoon
    into Wednesday night across a part of the central Gulf Coast States. Thunderstorms with strong to locally severe gusts are also possible
    near the immediate coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern
    California.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward from
    the Great Plains toward the Midwest and OH/TN Valleys on Wednesday.
    In conjunction with this shortwave trough, a weak surface low will
    move from the east-central Plains toward the Great Lakes region, as
    a trailing cold front moves through parts of the middle/lower MS
    Valley. Farther west, a deep mid/upper-level trough will progress
    farther inland across the western CONUS, as an embedded shortwave
    moves across northern CA into the interior Northwest.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Central Gulf Coast region...
    Rich low-level moisture (with upper 60s to lower 70s F dewpoints) is
    forecast to gradually spread northward across the lower MS Valley
    region from later in the D1/Tuesday period into D2/Wednesday. Weak
    lapse rates will tend to limit instability, while stronger
    mid/upper-level flow will generally remain north of the richer
    moisture. However, deep-layer shear will likely become at least
    marginally supportive of organized storms, while some enhancement to
    low-level flow/shear is forecast as the shortwave trough to the
    north glances the region. This evolution could support a few
    marginal supercells and/or stronger clusters during the afternoon
    and evening, with a threat of locally damaging winds and possibly a
    tornado or two.

    Elevated storms will also be possible through the day/evening to the
    north of the richer surface moisture. While effective shear will be
    sufficient for a few strong elevated storms, the severe potential
    with northward extent will tend to be limited by weak midlevel lapse
    rates and generally marginal MUCAPE.

    ...WA/OR/northern CA coasts...
    Cooling temperatures aloft will support weak destabilization in the
    vicinity of the WA/OR/northern CA coasts through the day on
    Wednesday. While convection will be rather low-topped, instability
    may become sufficient (with SBCAPE potentially in the 200-500 J/kg
    range) for occasional thunderstorms. The strongest low-level flow
    will precede the primary destabilization, but persistent and rather
    strong deep-layer southwesterly flow could support modestly
    organized line segments and/or weakly rotating cells, with a threat
    of isolated severe convective gusts and perhaps some small hail. A
    brief tornado also cannot be ruled out, though the favored location
    (if any) of any longer-lived rotating cells remains uncertain at
    this time.

    ..Dean.. 11/12/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 12 17:17:12 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 121717
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CST Tue Nov 12 2024

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY/CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...AND COASTAL PORTIONS
    OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal tornado/wind threat is apparent on Wednesday afternoon
    into Wednesday night across a part of the central Gulf Coast States. Thunderstorms with strong to locally severe gusts are also possible
    near the immediate coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern
    California.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move from the Plains through the
    MS Valley on Wednesday, becoming more negatively tilted as it does.
    An occluded surface low associated with this system will begin the
    period over the mid MO Valley before moving eastward across IA and
    reaching the northern IL early Thursday morning. More consequently
    for the severe-weather potential, a secondary triple-point low is
    expected to progress eastward across the northern portion of the
    Southeast states, along the northern edge of an eastward-evolving
    warm sector. Cold front associated with this low will gradually move
    eastward across the Southeast states during the day.

    Farther west, an upper-level trough is forecast to progress farther
    inland across the western CONUS, as an embedded shortwave trough
    moves across northern CA into the interior Northwest/northern Great
    Basin.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Central Gulf Coast...
    General expectation is for a triple-point surface low to evolve over
    the Mid-South vicinity through the early afternoon as low-level
    moisture continues to advect northward across the central Gulf Coast
    region. Dewpoints in the upper 60s/low 70s are anticipated ahead of
    this low and associated cold front. The airmass is expected to
    destabilize amid this low-level moisture, but overall buoyancy will
    still be modest given the lack of steep lapse rates. The combination
    of destabilization and increasing ascent is forecast to result in
    thunderstorm development across the warm sector, but along and ahead
    of the eastward-progressing cold front.

    The stronger shear will likely be displaced north of the stronger
    buoyancy, but enough shear is expected across the warm sector to
    support organized storms if updrafts can persist and deepen. This
    evolution could support a few marginal supercells and/or stronger
    clusters during the afternoon and evening, with a threat of locally
    damaging winds and possibly a tornado or two.

    Elevated storms will also be possible through the day/evening to the
    north of the richer surface moisture. While effective shear will be
    sufficient for a few strong elevated storms, the severe potential
    with northward extent will tend to be limited by weak midlevel lapse
    rates and generally marginal buoyancy.

    ...WA/OR/Northern CA coasts...
    Cold mid-level temperatures (i.e. -24 to -28 deg C at 500 mb)
    associated with the upper trough are expected to spread eastward
    throughout the day. These cold mid-level temperatures and associated
    steep mid-level lapse rates will contribute to modest buoyancy along
    the coastal portions of the Pacific Northwest. Highest storm
    coverage is anticipated over the northern CA coast vicinity from the
    late morning into the early afternoon along as the frontal band
    moves through, but persistent forcing for ascent within this
    modestly buoyant airmass is expected to result in more cellular
    storms throughout the remainder of the afternoon and evening. A more
    linear mode is anticipated within the frontal band, with a few
    convectively enhanced gusts possible. Low-topped cellular activity
    is anticipated in the wake of the frontal band, with a few instances
    of small hail, and potentially even a brief tornado, possible.

    ..Mosier.. 11/12/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 13 07:01:21 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 130701
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130659

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CST Wed Nov 13 2024

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms will be possible near the central and northeast
    Gulf Coasts early on Thursday, and later across coastal parts of the
    Carolinas Thursday evening and night. Organized severe potential
    appears relatively low at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A negatively tilted mid/upper-level trough initially over the
    Midwest/Ohio Valley is forecast to dig southeastward on Thursday and
    evolve into a closed mid/upper-level low as it approaches the Mid
    Atlantic. As this occurs, a surface low is forecast to deepen
    Thursday night along a frontal boundary near the Coastal Carolinas.
    Farther west, a mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move
    eastward and amplify as it approaches the Pacific Coast and
    eventually moves inland.

    ...Central/northeast Gulf Coast vicinity...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing Thursday morning across parts
    of AL/GA and the FL Panhandle, aided by the mid/upper-level
    shortwave trough moving across the Ohio Valley and attendant
    low-level jet. Low-level flow will tend to veer and weaken through
    the day, which will tend to result in less convective organization
    with time. However, if organized convection from late on
    D1/Wednesday can persist into Thursday morning, then rich low-level
    moisture and sufficient low-level and deep-layer shear could support
    a threat of isolated damaging winds and possibly a tornado.
    Probabilities may eventually be needed if it appears that some
    severe threat may continue from overnight Wednesday into the first
    part of Thursday.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    Uncertainty remains regarding the northward extent of appreciable
    surface moistening/destabilization near the Coastal Carolinas, as
    the surface low deepens and tracks east-northeastward into Friday
    morning. However, there appears to be some potential for the
    effective warm front to overlap parts of coastal NC and the Outer
    Banks during the evening, as stronger deep-layer flow and ascent
    overspread the region. Increasingly widespread precipitation will
    tend to limit destabilization, but favorable wind profiles will
    support organized convective potential where modest buoyancy can
    develop. Probabilities may eventually be needed near the coast and
    Outer Banks, if confidence increases regarding the potential for
    isolated damaging winds and/or a tornado later in the forecast
    period.

    ..Dean.. 11/13/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 13 17:27:54 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 131727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Wed Nov 13 2024

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms will be possible near the central Gulf Coast and
    Florida Panhandle early on Thursday, and later across coastal parts
    of the Carolinas Thursday evening into Friday morning. Organized
    severe potential appears relatively low at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A negatively tilted shortwave trough is forecast to extend from the
    Upper Midwest through the TN Valley early Thursday morning before
    continuing eastward across the OH Valley while developing a closed
    mid-level circulation. By early Friday morning, the resulting upper
    low is expected to be over the Mid-Atlantic with enhanced mid-level
    flow throughout its base from the TN Valley to off the Southeast
    coast. In response to this evolution, a surface low is expected to
    deepen as it moves northeastward over the coastal Carolinas.

    At the same time, upper ridging is expected to build across the
    Plains in response to a deepening upper trough forecast to move over
    the West Coast late Thursday night/early Friday morning. Isolated
    thunderstorms are possible across the Pacific Northwest coast,
    fostered by cold temperatures aloft and persistent large-scale
    forcing for ascent.

    ...Central Gulf Coast into the FL Panhandle...
    A triple-point low will likely be centered over central AL early
    Thursday morning, with a cold front extending southwestward from
    this low off the AL coast and a warm front extending
    east-southeastward across central GA. This warm front is expected to
    become more stationary throughout the day as the dry and cool
    airmass to its north remains in place. The surface low and
    associated front are still expected to continue eastward, with this
    overall evolution confining the warm sector to south of central GA.
    The low-level jet is expected to weaken throughout the day while
    also remaining displaced north of the warm sector.

    Showers and thunderstorms will likely be ongoing along and ahead of
    the cold front early Thursday morning. However, the evolution
    described above is expected to result in gradually diminishing
    coverage while also limiting storm organization/strength. A few
    stronger storms are possible early, but overall severe potential
    appears too low to introduce any probabilities.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    Triple-point low initially over central AL is forecast to progress
    eastward along the stationary front across GA before then continuing northeastward across the eastern SC and coastal NC along a
    developing warm frontal zone. Low-level moisture advection will
    precede this low, with low to mid 60s dewpoints likely penetrating
    slightly inland across the eastern Carolinas. Even with this
    moisture advection, buoyancy will be limited by poor lapse rates,
    with some guidance even suggesting surface-based convective
    inhibition persists throughout Thursday night/early Friday morning.
    Most favorable location for a few stronger storms is expected to be
    near the surface low, where mesoscale lift will augment the larger
    scale forcing, helping to overcome any remaining convective
    inhibition. Moderate deep-layer shear will be in place throughout
    the region, suggesting any deep updrafts could become more
    organized. However, overall severe coverage is expected to remain
    too low to introduce any probabilities.

    ..Mosier.. 11/13/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 14 06:40:31 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 140640
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140638

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1238 AM CST Thu Nov 14 2024

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deepening cyclone initially centered near the NC Outer Banks on
    Friday morning is forecast to quickly move offshore through the day,
    as a trailing cold front moves across the Florida Peninsula and Gulf
    of Mexico. A deep mid/upper-level trough will move slowly eastward
    across the western CONUS, with some further amplification of this
    trough expected through the forecast period.

    Thunderstorm potential will be low across most of the CONUS due to
    generally limited moisture/instability. Some thunderstorm potential
    may linger very early in the period across coastal NC, before the
    low moves farther offshore with time. Weak convection with sporadic
    lightning flashes will be possible across parts of central/northern
    CA into the Great Basin in association with the western trough.
    Confidence in sufficient coverage remains too low to include any
    general thunderstorm areas across the West at this time.

    ..Dean.. 11/14/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 14 17:22:03 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 141721
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CST Thu Nov 14 2024

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A maturing mid-latitude cyclone is forecast to begin the period over
    eastern NC before then continuing eastward into the western
    Atlantic. A few lightning flashes are possible within the warm
    conveyor of this cyclone early Friday morning, but any higher storm
    coverage is expected to remain well offshore.

    The upper pattern farther west across the majority of the CONUS is
    expected to amplify as a strong trough gradually progresses from the
    West Coast to the Intermountain West, and downstream ridging across
    the Plains builds as it moves through the MS Valley. By early
    Saturday morning, the upper troughing is forecast to extend from Alberta/Saskatchewan southwestward to off southern CA/northern Baja
    Peninsula, and upper ridging will likely extend from the central
    Gulf of Mexico through the Upper Great Lakes into northwestern
    Ontario.

    A few flashes are possible along the trough as it moves across
    northern/central CA and into the Great Basin, supported by cold
    mid-level temperatures and strong ascent. However, coverage is
    currently expected to remain below 10%. A dry continental airmass
    and warm mid-level temperatures will remain over the Plains,
    precluding any buoyancy.

    ..Mosier.. 11/14/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 15 06:50:08 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 150650
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150648

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CST Fri Nov 15 2024

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Saturday from the central
    Plains northeastward into the western Great Lakes, but no severe
    threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level low will move into the Dakotas on Saturday, as
    southwesterly mid-level flow remains in place across the much of the
    Great Plains and Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorm development will
    be possible from the afternoon into the overnight within a broad a
    corridor of strong low-level flow from Kansas northeastward into the
    upper Great Lakes. Instability is expected to be minimal, and a
    severe threat is not expected across the continental U.S. Saturday
    and Saturday night.

    ..Broyles.. 11/15/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 15 17:07:09 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 151707
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151705

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1105 AM CST Fri Nov 15 2024

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Saturday from the central
    Plains northeastward into the western Great Lakes, but no severe
    threat is expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Deep upper troughing is expected to extend from Alberta/Saskatchewan southwestward to off the southern CA/northern Baja Coast, covering
    much of the western/central CONUS early Saturday morning. The mean
    upper trough is forecast to gradually progress eastward throughout
    the day while a pair of embedded shortwave troughs evolve eastward/southeastward. The northernmost shortwave will likely
    progress across the northern Plains into the Upper Midwest while the southernmost wave progresses southeastward across southern CA into
    the northern/central Baja Peninsula. By early Sunday morning,
    enhanced southwesterly flow aloft is expected to extend between
    these two shortwaves, from northern Mexico across the southern High
    Plains and central Plains into the Upper Midwest.

    Surface low associated with the northern shortwave trough will
    likely begin the day over western SD before then progressing
    northeastward across the central/eastern Dakotas and northwestern MN
    throughout the period. An associated cold front will push eastward/southeastward across the northern and central Plains and
    into the Upper Midwest in the wake of this low.

    Airmass modification is anticipated across the Plains throughout the
    period as low-level flow veers to southeasterly across the western
    Gulf of Mexico and a modest low-level jet develops in response to
    the northern Plains shortwave trough. However, this early-stage
    moisture return will remain confined to the southern Plains where
    warm mid-level temperatures will preclude any buoyancy. A plume of
    elevated moisture could support weak elevated convection farther
    north, beginning across parts of the central Plains late Saturday afternoon/early evening and continuing into the Upper Midwest late
    Saturday night into early Sunday. Highest coverage is expected
    across WI early Sunday morning. Limited buoyancy throughout these
    areas will keep storm strength modest and keeping the
    severe-thunderstorm threat low.

    ..Mosier.. 11/15/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 16 06:57:15 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 160657
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160655

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Sat Nov 16 2024

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are expected to develop across parts
    of western, central and northwest Texas from Sunday evening through
    daybreak on Monday, posing a risk for severe gusts and possibly a
    tornado or two.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    A mid-level low and an associated trough will move into northern
    Mexico on Sunday, reaching the southern High Plains Sunday night.
    Ahead of the trough, strong moisture advection will occur across the
    southern Plains. Surface dewpoints are forecast to increase in the
    50s F across parts of west and northwest Texas, and into the 60s F
    across much of west-central and north-central Texas. A large area of
    convection is expected to develop by early Sunday evening ahead of
    the trough from southeast New Mexico into parts of far west and
    west-central Texas. This will occur as a 40 to 50 knot low-level jet strengthens across the southern High Plains. Aided by strong
    large-scale ascent, and a rapid low-level jet response, scattered
    strong to severe storms are expected to develop over parts of the
    southern High Plains. Model forecasts are in relatively good
    agreement, showing potential for MCS development late Sunday evening
    into Sunday night.

    Although instability will remain weak ahead of the system, a steady
    ramp up of instability and low-level moisture is expected over the
    southern Plains. Between 03Z and 09Z on Sunday evening, ECMWF
    forecast soundings increase MLCAPE into the 500 to 1000 J/kg range
    over parts of west-central and northwest Texas. This suggests that
    the severe threat that develops with the MCS should continue into
    the overnight period. The current thinking is that a line of strong
    to severe storms will become organized and move across west-central
    and northwest Texas from late Sunday evening into the overnight. The
    primary mode is expected to be linear, although isolated discrete
    supercells, with tornado potential, may develop ahead of the line.
    Otherwise, the primary threat should be for severe gusts along the
    leading edge of a quasi-linear convective system. The severe threat
    may continue to the end of the period, as a band of focused
    large-scale ascent couples with a strong low-level jet to maintain
    strong convective development with the MCS.

    ..Broyles.. 11/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 16 17:28:21 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 161728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Sat Nov 16 2024

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN INTO CENTRAL TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are expected to develop across parts
    of western, central and northwest Texas from Sunday evening through
    daybreak on Monday, posing a risk for severe gusts and possibly a
    few tornadoes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A negatively tilted mid-level trough will eject into the southern
    Plains tomorrow (Sunday) into tomorrow night as a second mid-level
    trough impinges on the Interior West. By tomorrow night into early
    Monday morning, surface low development is expected across western
    TX as strong upper support and an 80 kt mid-level speed max
    overspread the southern Plains. Low-level warm-air advection
    accompanying the developing surface low will support modest
    boundary-layer destabilization across central TX into southern OK,
    where adequate lift and shear will support some potential for severe thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains - Sunday Night into early Monday Morning...
    By around 06Z Monday morning, a surface low should begin to
    materialize just south of the TX Panhandle with the ejection of the aforementioned mid-level trough. Despite poor low and mid-level
    lapse rates, modest surface-850 mb theta-e advection will support a
    corridor of 500-750 J/kg SBCAPE across central TX into extreme
    southern OK during the 06-12Z time frame. Given strong forcing for
    ascent and south-southwesterly 500 mb flow oriented roughly parallel
    with an approaching cold front, a squall line is expected to develop
    and advance northeast in tandem with the surface low. Modest veering
    but rapid strengthening with height of the vertical wind profile
    will support large, curved hodographs ahead of the squall line.
    0-500 m SRH may exceed 200 m2/s2, with 0-3 km SRH reaching 400 m2/s2
    in spots. However, questions remain regarding how much SRH can be
    effectively ingested into thunderstorm updrafts given scant buoyancy
    profiles. Still, effective downward momentum transport of the strong
    synoptic flow aloft may support severe gusts within the squall line. Furthermore, if strong enough low-level WAA can appreciably
    destabilize the nocturnal boundary-layer, then isolated QLCS
    tornadoes may also occur. Any QLCS tornadoes that can develop will
    most likely occur with any LEWPS or mesovortices within portions of
    the squall line preceding the surface low track, where low-level
    winds will be most backed and low-level shear will be strongest.

    ..Squitieri.. 11/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 17 06:55:53 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 170655
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170654

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CST Sun Nov 17 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado will be possible across parts of north Texas and southern
    Oklahoma Monday morning. A marginal risk for severe gusts is
    expected across a relatively large area during the afternoon and
    evening from the eastern parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the Ozarks and lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Ozarks/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A negatively-tilted mid-level trough is forecast to be in the
    southern High Plains at the start of the period. A squall-line is
    expected to be ongoing ahead of the trough at 12Z from central and
    north Texas into southern Oklahoma. Along the leading edge of this
    organized linear MCS, a wind-damage threat is expected Monday
    morning. A tornado will also be possible with any rotating element
    within the line. The line is expected to weaken by midday as the
    mid-level trough moves away to the northeast, with the associated
    low moving into the central Plains. As surface heating takes place,
    additional thunderstorms are expected to develop during the
    afternoon across parts of the southern and central Plains. Isolated
    severe gusts and hail will be possible with the stronger cells.
    Ahead of the trough, an isolated wind-damage and/or tornado threat
    may develop across the lower Missouri Valley and Ozarks during the
    late afternoon. The severe threat is expected to be marginal due to
    very weak instability.

    ...Sabine Valley/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    In the wake of the mid-level trough, southwesterly mid-level flow
    will be in place across the western Gulf Coast states on Monday. A
    moist and unstable airmass is forecast to move from far southeast
    Texas late Monday afternoon into southern Louisiana during the
    evening. Thunderstorms will likely develop across much of the Lower
    Mississippi Valley, as low-level flow increases in the evening.
    Model consensus suggests that MCS development will be likely across
    parts of the lower Mississippi Valley. A relatively large number of
    storms should help to overturn much of the airmass. Also, the
    stronger mid-level flow is forecast to remain well to the north,
    suggesting that any wind-damage threat associated with the MCS
    should be marginal.

    ..Broyles.. 11/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 17 17:31:59 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 171731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CST Sun Nov 17 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    NORTHERN TEXAS INTO CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    few tornadoes will be possible across parts of north Texas into
    central Oklahoma Monday morning. A marginal risk for severe gusts is
    expected across a relatively large area during the afternoon and
    evening from the eastern parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the Ozarks and lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A negatively tilted and pronounced mid-level trough over the
    southern Plains will quickly eject into the MS Valley in tandem with
    a rapidly deepening surface low tomorrow (Monday). A potentially
    severe squall line is expected to be ongoing at the start of the
    period across north TX into central OK. Through the afternoon
    though, stronger upper support should become increasingly displaced
    from the better low-level moisture and instability to the south,
    supporting a more isolated severe threat across portions of the MO
    Valley into the southern MS Valley later in the day toward evening.
    An additional round of isolated strong to potentially severe
    thunderstorms may also develop closer to the surface low over
    central and eastern KS tomorrow afternoon as well.

    ...Southern Plains into the MO Valley...
    A QLCS/squall-line should be in progress immediately ahead of a
    surface low across southwestern OK into northwestern TX at 12Z
    Monday morning. The squall line will continue to move east-northeast
    with the surface low amid a 70+ kt southerly low-level jet,
    overspread by 70-90 kts of southwesterly 500 mb flow from the
    ejecting trough. Large and curved hodographs should precede the
    squall line amid 500 J/kg SBCAPE, driven mainly by mid 60s F surface
    dewpoints beneath poor mid-level lapse rates. Despite meager
    buoyancy through the troposphere, strong forcing for ascent and
    impressive deep-layer/low-level shear profiles may still support
    severe gusts and a few tornadoes during the morning hours.

    Through the afternoon and evening hours, QG ascent associated with
    the northeastward ejecting mid-level trough, and the surface low,
    will outpace the richer low-level moisture closer to the Red River,
    which may dampen the severe threat to a degree. Nonetheless, the
    persistence of strong shear and forcing with the eastward-tracking
    squall line will support the potential for a severe gust or a
    tornado.

    ...Southeast TX into the Lower MS Valley...
    As the mid-level trough and surface cyclone track toward the Mid-MS
    Valley through the day, trailing portions of the aforementioned
    squall line will interact with an increasingly moist and unstable
    boundary layer across southeastern TX into the Lower MS Valley.
    Furthermore, guidance consensus shows that the entrance region of
    the low-level jet may also persist across eastern TX and points east
    ahead of the squall line, encouraging modestly elongated and curved
    hodographs and 200+ m2/s2 0-3 km SRH. As such, a couple of severe
    gusts and perhaps a tornado or two may develop if more pronounced
    mesovortices or embedded supercell structures can develop within the
    squall line.

    ...Central and eastern KS...
    Behind the initial squall line and broader
    cloudy/precipitation-laden WAA regime, some clearing may take place
    immediately ahead of the surface low track, allowing for marginal boundary-layer destabilization. As such, a couple of thunderstorms
    may develop ahead of the surface low amid modestly steep
    tropospheric lapse rates and unidirectional vertical wind
    profiles/strong speed shear. Any of the more robust updrafts that
    can develop may produce a severe gust, tornado, or instance of
    marginally severe hail during the afternoon.

    ..Squitieri.. 11/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 18 06:35:04 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 180634
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180633

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1233 AM CST Mon Nov 18 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado will be possible across parts of the central Gulf states on
    Tuesday.

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow will remain in place over much of the
    Southeast on Tuesday, as a cold front advances eastward into the
    region. A moist airmass will be in place ahead of the front in the
    Gulf Coast states, with surface dewpoints from the mid 60s to lower
    70s F. As surface heating takes place during the day, thunderstorm
    development is expected from near the front eastward across the much
    of the moist sector. Although instability will be weak, strong
    low-level flow will aid convective development, and a few severe
    storms will be possible. The greatest severe threat will exist in
    the vicinity of the central Gulf Coast, where the combination of
    low-level shear and moisture may be enough for an isolated tornado
    threat.

    ..Broyles.. 11/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 18 17:03:41 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 181703
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181702

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1102 AM CST Mon Nov 18 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with isolated severe gusts and perhaps a
    tornado will be possible across parts of the central Gulf states on
    Tuesday.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    The potent mid-level trough moving across the central Plains and
    Midwest on D1/Monday will move into the Great Lakes and weaken on
    D2/Tuesday. A slow advancing cold front will be left in its wake
    from the southern Great Lakes to the central Gulf Coast. An
    anomalously moist airmass will be in place with all time daily
    maximum PWAT values likely from Slidell, LA to Wilmington, OH with
    likely top 5 monthly all time maximum values. As a result, extensive
    cloudcover and precipitation is expected across the warm sector
    which will limit instability. In addition, forcing will be weakening
    through the day. The combination of the meager instability and lack
    of forcing will limit severe weather potential except for where
    upper 60s dewpoints are forecast, which should support at least some instability and damaging wind threat.

    The best potential for severe weather will be across far southeast
    LA, far southern MS/AL, and the FL Panhandle, where low 70s
    dewpoints will support around 250-500 J/kg MLCAPE. Ahead of the
    front, significant low-level wind shear will be present with 40
    knots of flow at 1km and low-level veering winds. Therefore, some
    damaging wind gusts and perhaps a tornado will be possible with any
    stronger storms which can develop in this region during the day.

    ...Pacific Northwest...
    Cellular convection is possible along the Pacific Northwest coast
    after 06Z Wed as temperatures cool aloft and 200-400 J/kg MLCAPE
    develops along the coast. Any of these storms could have some gusty
    winds associated with them given around 40 knots of synoptic flow
    around 500 meters above the surface.

    ..Bentley.. 11/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 19 05:51:45 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 190551
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190550

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1150 PM CST Mon Nov 18 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected on Wednesday. Isolated thunderstorms
    are most likely over parts of Florida and the Carolinas, and along
    the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Wednesday, a deep upper trough will extend from a low over
    northern MN southward toward the Ozarks, and will pivot northeast
    across the OH Valley and Midwestern states, becoming negatively
    tilted. A tight midlevel temperature gradient and 130 kt speed max
    will relax somewhat through 00Z. Then, a secondary strong speed max
    will develop overnight from the mid MS Valley into the southern
    Appalachians.

    Meanwhile, an upper ridge will gradually move east toward the
    Rockies, with resulting northwest flow regime across the Plains.

    At the surface, high pressure will be entrenched from the Rockies
    into the central and southern Plains, and extending into the Gulf of
    Mexico where strong offshore flow will exist. A low will develop
    near Lake Erie during the day, with the cold front pushing into the
    Mid Atlantic to the Carolinas late in the day.

    ...Carolinas...
    Low-level moisture with 60s F dewpoints will spread north across the
    eastern Carolinas and into southeast VA through 00Z ahead of the
    cold front. Deep-layer shear will increase as the upper trough
    swings east, with very weak instability developing.

    Forecast soundings indicate poor low-level lapse rates/heating, with substantial midlevel drying. In addition, a prominent subsidence
    inversion is present in several model depictions. Given a lack of
    appreciable low-level flow fields to support wind gusts, strong
    storms are not expected.

    ...Florida...
    Area of thunderstorms are forecast over the eastern Gulf of Mexico
    early on Wednesday, with a plume of instability ahead of a cold
    front. While some of this activity will move across the Peninsula,
    it appears the boundary layer will be relatively cool. As such,
    despite the moderate low-level SRH during the morning along the
    western coasts, most of it should be rendered in-effective.

    ...Ohio and Vicinity...
    A very strong vorticity maximum will travel east across IN, OH, the
    upper OH Valley and into western PA and Lake Erie on Wednesday.
    Large-scale ascent will be strong, with rapidly cooling temperatures
    aloft. Shallow convection may develop with limited heating along the
    cold front, which will itself result in gusty winds with 30 kt
    ambient flow just off the surface. While severe storms are unlikely,
    a flash or two cannot be ruled out given such cool temperatures
    aloft.

    ...Coastal Pacific Northwest...
    Strong cooling aloft on the north size of a midlevel temperature
    gradient will exist over northwest OR into western WA with a slowly
    weakening midlevel jet. Weak low-level CAPE will develop mainly over
    the water. However, some cams show low-topped storms possibly moving
    ashore, and wind shear will be strong. While locally strong gusts
    cannot be ruled out, the severe risk appears low at this time.

    ..Jewell.. 11/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 19 17:29:20 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 191729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CST Tue Nov 19 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected on Wednesday. Isolated thunderstorms
    are most likely over parts of Florida and the Carolinas, and along
    the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep upper trough/low will evolve eastward from the Upper MS
    Valley into the Great Lakes through the period. In response, a
    surface low will deepen and gradually occlude over the Great Lakes,
    while a related cold front moves eastward across the eastern states.
    Strong midlevel height falls preceding the upper trough will promote
    scattered showers with isolated/embedded lightning along/ahead of
    the cold front. Despite strong deep-layer westerly flow/shear
    accompanying the trough, limited heating/poor lapse rates and dry
    air aloft should limit updraft intensity. Over the western FL
    Peninsula, richer boundary-layer moisture will be in place
    along/ahead of the front, where guidance indicates a weak frontal
    wave low during the morning. Here, strong low-level flow (and curved
    low-level hodographs) could favor a few strong/rotating storms
    approaching the coast, though weak instability/lapse rates should
    limit the severe threat over land.

    Farther west, several perturbations embedded in a belt of strong mid/upper-level westerly flow -- within the base of a midlevel low
    off the BC coast -- will promote isolated thunderstorms across the
    Pacific Northwest coast through the period. Elongated hodographs
    (with ample low-level curvature) will conditionally support a few strong/embedded cells capable of locally strong gusts and possibly
    waterspouts. However, any severe threat onshore appears too
    conditional for severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Weinman.. 11/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 20 06:50:20 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 200650
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200648

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CST Wed Nov 20 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A stable pattern in terms of thunderstorm potential will exist
    across the CONUS on Thursday, with a large upper cyclone over the
    eastern states and a ridge over the Rockies. High pressure will
    stretch from the Great Basin/Rockies across the Plains and into the
    Southeast, with a low over the Northeast. This will result in
    offshore flow across the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic, and
    maintain a relatively CAPE-free air mass over land.

    A very low change of sporadic lightning flashes may brush parts of
    southern New England as moisture and elevated theta-e wraps
    northwestward toward the surface low. However, this instability will
    be elevated in nature, with such low values suggesting less than 10%
    chance of lightning.

    ..Jewell.. 11/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 20 17:06:27 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 201706
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201704

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1104 AM CST Wed Nov 20 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong upper level low will rotate eastward across the eastern
    CONUS tomorrow. A surface low will deepen and eventually occlude
    into the interior Northeast during the afternoon/evening. Isentropic
    ascent will lead to some elevated instability and thunderstorm
    potential from the Mid-Atlantic to New England tomorrow morning and
    afternoon. Weak instability should mitigate any severe weather
    concerns.

    Cold air aloft will result in some weak instability across the
    northeast Pacific. Isolated thunderstorms will be possible along the
    Washington coast, primarily during the morning and early afternoon.

    ..Bentley.. 11/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 21 06:14:32 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 210614
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210612

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1212 AM CST Thu Nov 21 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible along the Pacific Northwest Coast
    on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large, deep upper low will exist over the northeast Friday
    morning, and will gradually weaken as it drifts east through the
    period. Meanwhile, an upper ridge will slowly shift east from the
    Rockies into the Plains, while yet another trough pushes across the
    Pacific Northwest region late.

    Substantial northwest surface winds will maintain relatively stable
    conditions from the Plains to the East Coast, with no instability
    forecast over much of the CONUS.

    The exception will be again along the coastal counties of WA and OR,
    as strong cooling aloft occurs. Scattered low-topped convection will
    be most likely over the ocean overnight. A few thunderstorms may
    move onshore, but at this time the stronger shear farther north does
    not appear to overlap with the minimal instability required for a
    severe threat.

    ..Jewell.. 11/21/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 21 17:22:39 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 211722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211721

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1121 AM CST Thu Nov 21 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible along the Pacific Northwest Coast
    Friday. Severe storms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Amplified mid-level flow is likely over much of the CONUS Friday,
    with a deep upper low off the East Coast and a similarly deep trough
    off the West Coast. Between the two lows, a shortwave ridge will
    slowly migrate eastward over the central Plains. At the surface, a
    low and trailing cold front will steadily move offshore through the
    day over the East. High pressure and offshore flow are likely over
    the central CONUS. While along the West Coast, a pronounced low and
    onshore flow will continue.

    As the upper trough continues to shift eastward, cool and stable
    offshore flow should limit buoyancy and deep convection over the
    eastern 2/3rds of the CONUS. The only exception to this could be
    brief, low-topped storms near Cape Cod. A few deeper convective
    elements embedded within broad stratiform could produce sporadic
    lightning before stronger offshore flow shifts any lingering
    buoyancy completely offshore by midday.

    Across the Pacific Northwest, continuous onshore flow is likely as
    the cold core of the upper trough (-28 to -30 C 500 mb temps) moves
    onshore late in the day and overnight. Scattered low-topped
    convection will be most likely over the ocean overnight, but a few thunderstorms with sporadic lightning could move inland. With very
    weak MUCAPE (100-200 J/kg) any stronger updrafts will likely be
    brief. Strong deep-layer shear could briefly overlap with the
    buoyancy supporting a sporadic strong wind gust near the coast.
    However, the transient nature of the updrafts should keep the severe
    risk negligible.

    ..Lyons.. 11/21/2024

    $$

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